敦煌游艺文化研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 04:32

  本文关键词：敦煌游艺文化研究　出处：《兰州大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 敦煌文献 莫高窟壁画 游艺活动 文化特征

【摘要】：游艺是各种游戏或娱乐活动的总称,是人们以消闲遣兴为主要目的的精神文化活动。中国古代游艺活动种类繁多,它在一定程度上愉悦了古人的心情,陶冶着古人的情操,增强了古人的体魄,在古代社会生活中占据着重要地位。已有对中国古代游艺的研究多集中于中原、南方等区域,而西北地区却未得到应有关注。敦煌文献和莫高窟壁画中遗存有丰富的游艺资料,对其进行系统性地研究,一方面可以丰富中国传统游艺研究之内容,在一定程度上对中国游艺史某些断裂空白之处作有益的弥缝与连缀；另一方面可以开启敦煌民俗研究之新视角。论文把敦煌文献和莫高窟壁画中涉及游艺的内容悉数辑出,采用文献与图像相印证的方法,并结合其他史料和今人研究成果,对敦煌游艺按性质的不同分成武功技艺类游艺、岁时节日类游艺、博弈类游艺和儿童游戏类游艺等四个主要类型进行讨论：武功技艺类游艺对活动参与者的身体素质有着较高的要求,主要有狩猎、射箭、相扑和jf技四种。敦煌壁画中的狩猎、射箭、相扑图像在佛经太子比武故事中能找到对应的文字描述。狩猎作为游艺活动流行于敦煌上层社会,其所使用的弓、箭等都有固定的来源。猎狗和猎鹰是敦煌人狩猎的好帮手,尤其是猎鹰更是敦煌地方政府向中央进贡的物品。相扑在Дx.02822《杂集时要用字》中被放到声乐部,正是突出了其表演和娱乐的特征。jf技图像在壁画中出现较多,并且表现出各种不同的动作姿态。敦煌文献和莫高窟壁画记载了上元、上巳、寒食、清明、端午、七夕、重阳、除夕等岁时节日中,人们从事观灯、宴饮、春游、踏歌、蹴鞠、击鞠、斗鸡、赏花、乞巧、登高、驱傩等各式各样的游艺休闲活动。其显著特征便是借助娱乐活动,暂时融通平时社会各阶层的社会差异。在敦煌的岁时节日游艺中,我们可以看到不同社会阶层民众的普遍参与性,如上元灯节,既有归义军政权的燃灯窟,亦有普通民众乃至寺院僧人的参与,最大程度上实现了官民同乐,僧俗共享。樗蒲、双陆这两项博戏皆源自于六博之戏,利用敦煌文献及其他史料,对两者的游戏规则进行讨论,有助于对它们的区别对待。敦煌文献中所遗存的《棋经》为我们全面认识古代围棋艺术提供了独一无二的材料。敦煌文献中对藏钩游戏的记载较多,述及了藏钩的游戏规则。更为重要的是,对藏钩参与者的表情和心理描写极为细致。敦煌文献对博弈类游艺活动的记载多持反对和劝诫态度,这也能从侧面反映出敦煌地区博弈类游艺活动的流行。敦煌文献和莫高窟壁画中所记载的儿童游艺活动,为我们获知敦煌及中古时代的儿童游艺活动提供了珍贵的素材。敦煌材料中的竹马之戏,给出了宋代以前儿童骑竹马的图像资料。作为儿童玩伴的s'子狗,是中西物种文化交流的产物。聚沙成塔的儿童游戏则颇具浓厚的佛教色彩。敦煌归义军政府颁布的禁止儿童在道场打弹弓的榜文,恰恰反映了打弹弓游戏在敦煌儿童中的流行。敦煌壁画中的布袋木偶戏因其简单易行,受到家长和孩子的欢迎,有益于他们情感的沟通和增强。翻筋斗也是孩子们所热衷的游戏项目,敦煌壁画中的翻筋斗图像也充分说明了此项游戏的娱乐性。总而言之,敦煌文献对游艺项目有翔实的文字记载,而莫高窟壁画中的游艺活动形象,应当是当时游艺活动的真实写照。通过对敦煌游艺项目的讨论,可以得知它们具强烈的娱乐属性,深受儒家文化影响,并能体现出中西文化交流的因素。
[Abstract]:Is the general term for a variety of entertainment games or entertainment, people with leisure caprice as the main purpose of the spiritual and cultural activities. There are many kinds of entertainment activities in ancient China, which, to a certain extent, delighted the mood of the ancients, nurture the sentiment of the ancients, and enhance the physique of the ancients, playing an important role in ancient social life. There have been many studies of ancient Chinese art in the Central Plains and southern regions, while the northwest region has not received its due attention. The remains of Dunhuang literature and murals in the Mogao Grottoes is rich in entertainment information, study systematically on the one hand can enrich the traditional China entertainment research content, as beneficial to Chinese and seal together some gaps in entertainment history fracture to a certain extent; on the other hand can open a new perspective of Dunhuang folk custom research. The Dunhuang literature and murals in the Mogao Grottoes entertainment content of a series of all involved, by using the methods of literature and image is confirmed, and combined with other historical and current research on the Dunhuang entertainment festival according to the nature of different martial arts skills into entertainment, age class entertainment, game class entertainment and children's Games class game four the main types are discussed: martial arts skills of recreation activity participants physical quality have higher requirements, mainly hunting, archery, sumo and JF four. The hunting, archery and Sumo image in the Dunhuang murals can find the corresponding description in the story of the prince of the Buddhist sutra. Hunting, as a recreational activity, is popular in the upper class of Dunhuang, with a fixed source of bow and arrow. Hunting dogs and falcons are good helpers for the hunting of Dunhuang people, especially the falcons are the goods that the local government of Dunhuang pays tribute to the central government. In the family of x.02822 "a sumo to the vocal department was placed on the words", it is to highlight the characteristics of its performance and entertainment. JF images appear more in the mural, and show a variety of different movements. Dunhuang literature and painting of Mogao Grottoes records Shangyuan, Shangsi, Hanshi and Qingming, Dragon Boat Festival, the Qixi Festival, Chongyang Festival, new year's Eve, people engaged in landscape, dinner, outing, tage, Cuju, Jiju chicken, flowers, Qiqiao, climbing, drivenuo etc. every kind of recreation and leisure activities. Its remarkable feature is the use of recreational activities to temporarily integrate the social differences of all social classes. In Dunhuang the old season tour in art, we can see the universal participation of different social classes of people, such as the Lantern Festival, both Guiyijun regime is randeng cave, ordinary people and even the monks in maximizing people fun and sharing. An ancient game, the two game of backgammon is from six Bo of the show, using the Dunhuang literature and other historical materials, discussion of the rules of the game, to help them treat the difference. The remains of Dunhuang in the literature "Qijing" the one and only provides materials for our comprehensive understanding of the ancient art of chess. There are many records of the hooked games in the Dunhuang literature, and the rules of the hooked game are described. More importantly, the expression and psychological description of the hooked participants are very meticulous. The Dunhuang literature has a lot of opposition and admonishing attitude in the record of game game activities, which can also reflect the popularity of game activity in Dunhuang. The art activities of children in the Dunhuang literature and the Mogao Grottoes frescoes provide us with valuable material for the learning of children's recreation activities in Dunhuang and the middle ages. Dunhuang materials in the play are Chikuma, image data before the Song Dynasty horse's children. As a child playmate, s'son is the product of cultural exchanges between Chinese and Western species. The children are quite many littles make a mickle. strong buddhist. Dunhuang Guiyijun government ban on children's slingshot in the dojo message reflects the slingshot game popular in children in Dunhuang. The puppet puppet play in the Dunhuang murals is very easy to do and is welcomed by parents and children, which is beneficial to their emotional communication and enhancement. Turn the somersault is children's keen game project, somersaults in Dunhuang mural image shows that the entertainment game. To sum up, Dunhuang literature has detailed and accurate records of entertainment projects, and the image of recreational activities in Mogao Grottoes frescoes should be a true portrayal of recreational activities at that time. Through the discussion of Dunhuang entertainment projects, we can see that they have strong entertainment attributes, deeply influenced by Confucian culture, and can reflect the factors of cultural exchange between China and Western countries.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K870.6
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本文编号：1340287