汉代犁耕驾牛方式和用具的初步研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 01:18

本文关键词： 汉代牛耕套驾　出处：《考古与文物》2014年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：汉代牛耕有二牛抬杠、一牛一马并耕、一牛挽耕三种形式,分别采用颈索系衡套驾和偏系套驾。二牛抬杠以绳将衡杠分别与二牛之颈索相连,而不是直接用颈索拴缚衡杠。汉代没有双辕犁,因此一牛挽耕只能是偏系套驾,参照甘肃河西地区魏晋壁画墓牛耕图,套驾时可能在辕端绑缚短横木,贴于牛颈一侧,再用绳索绑定,或者与牛颈另一侧同样的短木相连,使两短木夹住牛颈,搭在两肩之前。一牛一马并耕,牛是驾辕的,马是拉边的,马以绳索与犁架或辕的后端相连,牛的驾辕方式则与其他单牛独辕的套驾完全一样。
[Abstract]:In the Han Dynasty, there were two cattle poles, one cow and one horse, and three forms, one cow and one horse, and three forms, one cow, one horse, one cow, and three forms of cultivation, respectively, using the neck rope to tie and drive, and the two cattle lifting bars were connected with the two cattle neck cables separately by rope. Instead of using the neck cable to tie the bar directly, there was no double pole plough in the Han Dynasty. Therefore, a cow could only be inclined to tie up its plough. Referring to the map of the tomb of the Wei and Jin murals in the western part of Gansu Province, it might be possible to tie a short crossbar at the end of the shaft and stick it to the side of the ox's neck. Then they were bound by ropes, or connected with the same short wood on the other side of the neck of the ox, so that the two short logs were clamped over the neck of the ox and laid before the shoulders. One ox and one horse ploughed together, the ox drove the shafts, the horses were drawn, and the horses were connected by ropes to the back of the plough, or to the back of the shafts. Cattle drive shafts with the other single shaft set exactly the same.
【作者单位】：南京大学历史系;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“先秦两汉农业与乡村聚落的考古学研究”(11BKG010) 南京大学人文基金项目的阶段成果
【分类号】：K875

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