鹊尾炉源流考——从犍陀罗到黄河、长江

发布时间：2018-04-15 12:12

本文选题：犍陀罗 + 帕提亚　；参考：《文物》2017年10期

【摘要】：焚香之俗起源于近东,世界上最早的香炉实例发现于公元前6世纪吕底亚宝藏,这一习俗后为古波斯和帕提亚王公贵族传承。约公元前1世纪,中亚犍陀罗佛寺引入帕提亚手炉,三足盘式,手柄接在口沿处。5世纪,犍陀罗手炉传入中国西北地区,如新疆克孜尔石窟、甘肃炳灵寺石窟壁画所绘手炉。阿旃陀石窟造像可见6世纪前期印度手炉,手柄接在炉底,与犍陀罗手炉不同,其亦沿丝绸之路传入北魏平城,见于山西云冈石窟造像。犍陀罗手炉传入不久,便开始了中国化进程,一个突出实例即北魏平城时代无底座鹊尾炉,手柄铆入香斗内壁。北魏洛阳时代始见莲花片底座鹊尾炉,香斗为折沿式。北魏鹊尾炉不仅传入朝鲜半岛和日本,并且影响到隋唐时代鹊尾炉的样式。
[Abstract]:The custom of burning incense originated in the near East, and the earliest examples of incense furnaces in the world were discovered in the 6th century B.C. the treasure of Lydia was inherited by the aristocrats of ancient Persia and the Lord of Parthia.In the 1st century B.C., the Padraya hand stove was introduced into Gandhara Buddha Temple in Central Asia, with a three-legged plate and a handle attached to the mouth edge. In the 5th century, Gandara hand stove was introduced into northwest China, such as the Kizil Grottoes in Xinjiang and the hand furnaces painted in the frescoes of Bingling Temple Grottoes in Gansu Province.The statue of Ajanta Grottoes can be seen in the early 6th century, the handle is connected to the bottom of the furnace, unlike Gandhara hand stove, it was also introduced along the Silk Road to Pingcheng City of the Northern Wei Dynasty, which was seen in Yungang Grottoes, Shanxi Province.Not long after Gandhara hand furnace was introduced into China, the process of Sinicization began. A prominent example was that there was no pedestal magpie tail furnace in Pingcheng period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the handle was riveted into the inner wall of the Xiang Dou.The Northern Wei Dynasty Luoyang era before see lotus piece base magpie tail furnace, Xiang Dou for the fold type.North Wei magpie tail furnace was not only introduced into Korea Peninsula and Japan, but also affected the style of magpie tail furnace in Sui and Tang dynasties.
【作者单位】：北京大学中国考古学研究中心;北京大学考古文博学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“丝绸之路天山廊道文物古迹调查”(项目批准号:15JJD780001)的资助
【分类号】：K86

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