出土文物的断代问题——以汉代墓葬壁画为例

发布时间：2018-04-15 18:11

本文选题：艺术学理论 + 美术考古　；参考：《艺术百家》2017年02期

【摘要】：在考古学研究中,出土文物的断代主要依据考古地层学和考古类型学分析。地层学是根据不同文化层和遗迹单位的"叠压""打破"以及"共生"关系来确定出土遗物、遗迹的相对年代关系;而类型学则是通过遗物和遗迹的形态时序变化确定不同文物之间的相对早晚关系。作为判断出土文物相对年代的基本手段,地层学和类型学在考古学研究中无疑具有举足轻重的作用,但毋庸讳言的是,这种断代方式也有其本身的局限性,其中最明显的一点就是,在文物遗存"共存"结构中,同一器物的新旧形态并不一定以非此即彼的前后序列关系呈现出来,它们之间常常是并存不悖的,有些旧形态甚至比新形态延续的时间还要长。由此而论,建立在地层学基础之上的类型学分析,只是确定相对年代的一种不完全归纳,其本身具有"试错"或"证伪"的性质。在实践研究层面,可能由于标准器或比照资料的不足,研究者对一些出土文物的断代往往会产生误判。文章拟就这一情形,以汉代墓葬壁画为例,讨论分析相关遗存的相对年代,并试图对出土文物遗存的断代问题提供新的学科研究视野。
[Abstract]:In archaeological research, the dating of unearthed relics is mainly based on the analysis of archaeological stratigraphy and archaeological typology.Stratigraphy is to determine the relative chronological relationship of unearthed relics and relics according to the relationship between "overlay" and "break" and "symbiosis" of different cultural layers and relic units.Typology, on the other hand, determines the relative sooner or later relationship between different cultural relics by the temporal changes of the forms of relics and relics.As a basic means of judging the relative ages of unearthed cultural relics, stratigraphy and typology undoubtedly play an important role in archaeological research, but there is no denying that this method of dating also has its own limitations.One of the most obvious is that, in the "coexistence" structure of cultural relics, the old and new forms of the same object are not necessarily presented in the sequence of one or the other, and they often exist side by side and do not contradict each other.Some of the old forms last longer than the new ones.Thus, the typological analysis based on stratigraphy is only a kind of incomplete induction of determining the relative age, and it has the nature of "trial and error" or "falsification".In the aspect of practical research, due to the shortage of standard instruments or comparative data, researchers often misjudge some unearthed cultural relics.Taking the tomb murals of the Han Dynasty as an example, this paper discusses and analyzes the relative ages of the related remains, and tries to provide a new subject research field for the issue of the unearthed relics.
【作者单位】：浙江大学人文学院;
【分类号】：K879.41

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