殷墟中小墓人骨的综合研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 03:39

本文选题：殷墟 + 中小墓　；参考：《吉林大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 本文以河南安阳殷墟大司空和刘家庄北地两处遗址的晚商时期中小墓出土的人类遗骸为研究对象。通过分析其性别组成、年龄结构、骨骼发育程度、骨骼病理创伤、居民的行为习惯、人种特征、种系来源、流向等问题,从多个角度对殷墟中小墓商代晚期居民的骨骼标本进行了全面系统的体质人类学研究。在此基础上对黄河中下游地区以往报道的古代居民材料进行了系统梳理,并对这一地区古代居民人种地理分布的动态过程进行了归纳和概括。研究表明,在以大司空和刘家庄北地遗址为代表的“大邑商”的各商邑内部可能存在明显的性别比例失衡问题,并表现出以妇孺居多的人口现象。这些居民骨骼发育普遍较为纤弱,性别差异相对较小。人群中存在较为普遍的骨骼疾病状况,创伤也较多,流行跪坐姿势。人种特征的研究表明,殷墟中小墓居民中的多数个体的基本种系特征表现出“古中原类型”居民的特点,少数则表现出“古东北类型”居民的特点。殷墟中小墓人群的人种构成较为多元,来源也较为多样。结合黄河中下游地区先秦时期古代人群的材料以及中原地区商周时期考古学材料中大量存在的北方文化因素分析,我们认为在先秦时期可能存在一次北方人群大量迁徙至中原地区的人群流动现象。虽然目前发现的这样的人类学材料并不丰富,但相信随着更多新材料的不断发现和补充,我们对这一问题的认识将会更加全面和深入,也将有助于我们从人种学的角度来理解华夏民族形成的历史脚步。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the human remains unearthed from small and medium-sized tombs in the late Shang period at two sites in Anyang, Anyang, Yinxu and Liujiazhuang are taken as the research object. By analyzing its sex composition, age structure, bone development degree, bone pathological trauma, behavior habits of residents, ethnic characteristics, origin of species, flow direction and so on, A comprehensive and systematic physical anthropological study on the bones of the late Shang Dynasty residents of the small and medium-sized tombs of the Yin ruins was carried out from various angles. On the basis of this, this paper systematically combs the materials of ancient inhabitants reported in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and sums up and generalizes the dynamic process of the geographical distribution of ancient inhabitants in this area. The study shows that there may be obvious gender imbalance problem in the "Dayichang" and "Dayi Shang", which are represented by the Dashigong and Liujiazhuang Northern sites, and the population phenomenon is dominated by women and children. The bone development of these residents is generally delicate, and the gender difference is relatively small. There are more common skeletal diseases and trauma in the population, so kneeling posture is popular. The study of ethnic characteristics shows that the basic phylogenetic characteristics of most individuals in the small and medium-sized tombs of the Yin ruins show the characteristics of "the ancient central plain type" and the "ancient northeast type" of the few. The ethnic composition of the small and medium-sized tombs of the Yin ruins is more diverse, and the sources are also more diverse. Combined with the materials of ancient people in the pre-Qin period in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the analysis of the cultural factors of the north in the archaeological materials of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in the Central Plains, We believe that there may be a large migration of people from the north to the Central Plains in the pre-Qin period. Although the anthropological material found so far is not abundant, it is believed that as more and more new materials are discovered and supplemented, our understanding of this issue will be more comprehensive and in-depth. It will also help us to understand the historical steps of the formation of the Chinese nation from the perspective of ethnography.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K878

【引证文献】