古环境演变与海岸线变迁对江淮东部新石器文化的影响

发布时间：2018-04-30 17:14

本文选题：江淮东部 + 新石器遗址　；参考：《南京师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：全新世以来环境演变与人类的生存和发展息息相关,探讨其相互规律和机制,不论对现在还是未来协调人地关系有重大的理论和现实意义。其中全新世以来史前时期是全新世环境变化研究的基础和难点。本文利用AMS14C测年技术和相对定年方法,在建立可靠的沉积年代序列基础上,对采自建湖冈西剖面深度为5米以内49个样品进行孢粉分析,并结合前人的研究结果综合对比,重建全新世以来江淮东部地区的古环境演变及海岸线变迁特征。与此同时,本文还通过对研究区古遗址时空分布的统计分析,获取了新石器以来古文化兴衰变迁的完整信息。探讨古文化发展与环境演变的关系,分析江淮东部地区新石器时期考古遗址时空分布规律,从地理学、考古学、历史学等综合角度重点探讨新石器以来人类文明的孕育发展与三角洲演变、砂堤形成及海岸线变迁之间的关系。自然环境的演变过程,对当地新石器古代先民的文化活动有着至关重要的作用。许多学者曾在江淮东部地区展开地层剖面研究,取得丰富的成果,结合这一地区代表剖面——建湖冈西剖面的孢粉分析与考古学研究发掘资料,推测结论如下：(1)全新世以来江淮东部环境经历了：泥炭浅水沼泽—泥质海滩—泻湖海湾—泻湖—滨海低地环境。(2)在中全新世适宜期,受全球暖湿气候、长江、淮河三角洲的发育和海面变化的共同作用,江淮东部约7000aB.P.,陆地东扩、多道砂堤形成及古泻湖发育,形成低洼的里下河地区。适宜的水、气环境繁育了大量的水生的动、植物和大型哺乳动物,为古代先民居住提供了适宜的居住地和食物资源。岳石文化末期(3450aB.P.年稍后),气候温和略干,江淮东部长期处于盐沼环境,且海潮成灾,导致先民迁徙,古文化出现断歇。(3)新石器文化是在全新世大暖期发展起来的,但高温期并不一定意味着区域文化的繁荣。江淮东部地区由于特殊的地理位置及入海河口三角洲地貌演化特征,高温期受高海面、自然灾害等影响,地表环境并不适合人类居住,古文化的发展反而受到一定的制约。气候、海平面变化和三角洲演变是直接影响本区新石器文化兴衰的三个重要因素。古环境演变及海面变化对江淮东部史前文化的兴衰,驱动作用明显。
[Abstract]:The evolution of environment since Holocene is closely related to the survival and development of human beings. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to discuss the mutual laws and mechanisms of the environment evolution of human beings, both now and in the future. The prehistoric period since Holocene is the basis and difficulty of environmental change in Holocene. Using AMS14C dating technique and relative dating method, on the basis of establishing reliable sedimentary age series, 49 samples collected from Jianhu Gangxi section with depth less than 5 meters were analyzed for sporopollen analysis, and combined with the comprehensive comparison of previous research results. The paleoenvironmental evolution and shoreline changes in eastern Jianghuai area since Holocene were reconstructed. At the same time, through the statistical analysis of the time-space distribution of ancient sites in the study area, the complete information of the rise and fall of ancient culture since the Neolithic is obtained. This paper probes into the relationship between the development of ancient culture and the evolution of environment, and analyzes the temporal and spatial distribution of Neolithic archaeological sites in the eastern part of Jianghuai, from the perspectives of geography and archaeology. The relationship between the gestation and development of human civilization since Neolithic, the evolution of delta, the formation of sand dikes and the changes of shoreline are discussed from the perspective of history. The evolution of natural environment plays an important role in the cultural activities of the local Neolithic ancestors. Many scholars have carried out stratigraphic profile studies in the eastern part of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, and obtained rich results. Combined with the palynological analysis and archaeological research of the representative profile of Jianhu Gangxi in this area, The conclusions are as follows: (1) the environment of eastern Jianghuai has experienced since Holocene: peat shallow water swamp, muddy beach, lagoon bay, lagoon, littoral lowland environment. The development of Huaihe River Delta and the changes of sea surface, about 7 000 a B. P., the eastward expansion of land, the formation of many sand dikes and the development of ancient lagoons, and the formation of low-lying Lixiahe area. The suitable water and gas environment bred a large number of aquatic animals, plants and large mammals, which provided suitable living place and food resources for the ancient ancestors. In the end of Yueshi culture, 3450a B.P. Later in 2000, the climate was mild and slightly dry, and the eastern part of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River was in a salt marsh environment for a long time, and the sea tide caused the migration of the ancestors. The ancient culture developed during the great warm period of the Holocene. But the high-temperature period does not necessarily mean the prosperity of regional culture. Due to the special geographical location and the evolution characteristics of estuarine delta in the eastern part of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, the surface environment is not suitable for human being because of the influence of high sea level and natural disaster in the high temperature period, but the development of ancient culture is restricted to a certain extent. Climate, sea level change and delta evolution are three important factors directly affecting the rise and fall of Neolithic culture. The evolution of paleoenvironment and sea level change have a significant driving effect on the rise and decline of prehistoric culture in the east of Jianghuai River and Huaihe River.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K878

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