南京六朝墓葬中人物俑的发现与研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 07:56

本文选题：南京 + 六朝　；参考：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：墓葬中出土的俑和其他随葬品一样,负载了古代社会的各种信息,可以直观地反映当时的社会风俗、舆服制度、经济发展、文化艺术等。公元前3世纪到6世纪,吴、东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈先后在南京建都,作为当时南中国的政治、文化中心,帝王贵族聚居的地方,南京自然也是墓葬集中分布的地区。随着南京地区包括南方其他地区考古工作的不断深入,六朝人物俑的发现不断增多,运用考古学的理论与方法,对南京地区六朝墓葬出土的人物俑做系统的梳理进而探讨六朝时期人物俑的发展脉络便有了可能。全文从南京地区六朝墓葬人物俑的出土情况、类型分析、发展演变历程、造型来源、制作工艺等方面概述了南京地区六朝人物俑的基本情况并探究了相关问题。文章首先介绍了南京地区六朝人物俑的出土情况,将每座出土有人物俑的墓葬做表梳理,分析人物俑出土墓葬的分布情况,对人物俑的发展演变做分析,具体表现为数量演变、空间演变及时间演变的分析。再依据造型、工艺等对人物俑做具体的分类。根据人物俑形象所反映的社会等级和社会分工的不同,试将南京地区六朝墓葬出土的人物俑分为侍俑、武士俑、文士俑、伎乐俑、劳作俑、奴仆俑、代表墓主形象的俑。笔者试着根据六朝墓葬的断代分期研究人物俑的分期问题,结合人物俑自身特点,试将南京地区六朝墓葬出土的人物俑大致分为孙吴西晋、东晋早期、东晋后期至南朝刘宋时期、南朝中后期四个演变阶段。另外,对人物俑在发展演变过程中所体现的社会背景、审美趣味、制作工艺、造型来源等相关问题进行了探究分析。孙吴西晋时期,是青瓷俑流行时期。东晋时期,青瓷俑绝迹,陶俑开始流行。东晋后期至南朝初期,陶俑更加发展。经过吴、西晋、东晋、南朝不断的发展,人物俑的数量不断增多,品种日益多样化,塑造工艺日益成熟,风格极富个性,形态更加逼真,制作日益精巧。六朝人物俑塑造的形象多是静态的。这种以静传神的风格,可以说是六朝人物俑的一个鲜明的艺术特点。这一时期制作工艺已经很纯熟,造型和对细部的刻画以及对线条的掌握都达到了运用自如的程度,为隋唐人物俑艺术的高度发展奠定了坚实的基础。六朝人物俑目前发现有陶、瓷、木、石、玉等材料制成,其中以陶质最为常见。陶俑制作工艺在不同程度上受各个时期南京地区经济、政治地位、人口和丧葬观念等方面的影响而发生着变化。孙吴时期青瓷俑的制作工艺主要是立体捏塑,青瓷俑的造型生动,富于变化。西晋时期模制青瓷俑和捏制青瓷俑并行,不论是模制还是捏制,最后都加以贴塑和刻、划、压印等,服饰、帽、冠等处还刻画出具有西晋特色的纹饰。东晋早期陶质人物俑的制作工艺主要是捏制和半模制。东晋后期到南朝初期陶俑均为分段模制,一般是头颈为一模,俑身为一模,将头颈安插进俑身,然后捏塑双手,再对五官、服饰等细节加以修饰。南朝中晚期陶俑也是分段模制,模制技术更加成熟,在衣褶、面部表情、举止神态上给人以自然真实的感觉。本文对材料进行时间、空间及数量演变的分析,根据人物俑文化面貌的不同,在分类的基础上试着对南京地区六朝人物俑进行了分期研究,总结了南京六朝人物俑的发展过程和演变脉络。人物俑在不同时期,由于朝代的更替、外来文化因素的传入、自身文化的变化等多种原因的影响,在造型和风格上发生着变化。
[Abstract]:The terracotta terracotta terracotta figures unearthed in the tomb, like other funerary articles, load the information of the ancient society, and can directly reflect the social customs, the system of public opinion, the economic development, and the art of culture. From third Century to sixth Century BC, Wu, Eastern Jin, song, Qi, Liang and Chen were built in Nanjing, as the political, cultural center, Emperor aristocracy of the time of South China. Nanjing is a place where the burial is concentrated. With the deepening of the archaeological work in the other parts of the southern part of the south, the discoveries of the figures of the Six Dynasties are increasing. Using the theories and methods of archaeology, the figures of the figures unearthed in the Six Dynasties' burials in the Nanjing area are systematically combed and then the figures of the figures in the Six Dynasties are discussed. From the unearthed situation of the figures of the tomb figures of the Six Dynasties in Nanjing, the paper summarizes the basic situation of the figures of the figures of the Six Dynasties in the Nanjing area and explores the related problems. The article first introduces the unearthed situation of the figures of the figures of the Six Dynasties in the Nanjing area, and the article first introduces the unearthed situation of the figures of the figures of the Six Dynasties in the region of the region. The tombs of each terracotta figure are combed, the distribution of the terracotta figures unearthed, the development and evolution of the figures are analyzed, and the evolution of the figures, the analysis of the evolution of the space and the evolution of the time, and the concrete classification of the figures according to the shape and process are also made. According to the social rank and society reflected by the figures of the figures. According to the differences in the division of labor, the figures are divided into terracotta warriors, warriors, warriors, warriors, terracotta warriors, terracotta warriors, terracotta warriors and terra cotta warriors. The author tries to study the staging of figures on the basis of the stages of the Six Dynasties' burial burial and the characteristics of the figures, and try to unearthed the burial burials of the Six Dynasties in the Nanjing area. The figures are roughly divided into the Western Jin Dynasty, the early Eastern Jin Dynasty, the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Southern Dynasty Liu Song period and the four evolution stages of the Southern Dynasty and the middle and late period of the Southern Dynasty. In addition, the social background, aesthetic taste, production technology, and the source of the shape are explored and analyzed in the process of development and evolution. During the Eastern Jin period, the pottery figurines were extinct and the pottery figurines began to pop. The pottery figurines were more developed in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty to the early Southern Dynasties. After the continuous development of Wu, Western Jin, Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, the number of figures was increasing, the varieties were increasingly diversified, the craft became more mature, the style was more personable, the form was more realistic, and the figures of the Six Dynasties figurines were plastic. The creation of the image is mostly static. This style in the quiet and divine can be said to be a distinct artistic feature of the figures of the Six Dynasty figures. The production process has been very well done in this period. The modeling and the depiction of the details and the mastery of the lines have reached the level of use, laying a solid foundation for the high development of the art of the figures in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. At present, the figures of the figures of the Six Dynasties were found to be made of pottery, porcelain, wood, stone and jade, among which the pottery figurines were most common. The pottery figurines were changed to varying degrees by the influence of the economy, political status, population and funeral ideas of Nanjing in various periods. The shape of the porcelain figurines is vivid and varied. In the Western Jin period, the pottery figurines and the porcelain figurines were made in parallel. Whether it was molding or kneading, the porcelain figurines were moulded and carved, carved, pressed and so on. The clothes, caps and crowns were also depicted in the Western Jin Dynasty. The early Eastern Jin Dynasty was mainly made of kneading and semi moulded. The initial figures are segmented molded, is generally the first mock exam for head and neck, figurines as the first mock exam, the head and neck right into the body and then molded figurines, hands, the facial features, clothing and other details. The modified advanced pottery is segmented molded, molding technology is more mature, in the folds, facial expressions. Demeanor to the natural and true feeling This article analyses the time, space and quantity evolution of the material. According to the different cultural features of the figures, the paper tries to study the figures of the figures of the Six Dynasties figures in Nanjing area on the basis of classification, and summarizes the development and evolution of the figures of the figures of the Six Dynasties in the Six Dynasties. The figures are in different periods, because of the change of the dynasties and the external culture. The influence of many factors, such as the introduction of elements and their own cultural changes, has changed in form and style.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K879.3

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