礼玉“六器”的阴阳性别及与四神的关联

发布时间：2018-05-19 23:23

本文选题：六器 + 阴阳性别　；参考：《民族艺术》2014年03期

【摘要】：璧、琮、圭、璋、琥、璜是六种玉礼器,到西周时已规范成礼玉中的"六器"。"六器"皆有阴阳性别,璧、琥、璜属女性阴性,琮、圭、璋属男性阳性。璧、琮与天、地相配,正是阴阳相合之意;而圭、璋对应东、南,琥、璜对应西、北,意指东、南方为阳,西、北方为阴。形成于《礼记》、《周礼》时代的四灵或四神观念,是分别代表东、西、南、北四方的青龙、白虎、朱雀和玄武(龟蛇合体)。四神在生殖巫术中所代表的阴阳性别,与六器中的圭、琥、璋、璜有着相同的阴阳性别对应关系。二者的相同,应是共同受到阴阳五行观念影响的结果。
[Abstract]:Bi, Cong, Gui, Zhang, Hu, Huang are six kinds of jade ritual ware, by the time of the Western Zhou Dynasty has standardized the "six vessels" in the ritual jade. " Six instruments "are Yin and Yang gender, Bi, Hu, Juan female negative, Cong, Gui, Zhang male masculine. Bi, Cong and heaven, the earth match, is the meaning of Yin and Yang; and Gui, Zhang corresponding east, south, Huan corresponding west, north, meaning east, south for yang, west, north for yin. The idea of "four spirits" or "four gods" formed in the "Book of Rites" and "Zhou Li" is Azure Dragon, White Tiger, Vermilion Bird and Black Tortoise, which represent the four directions of east, west, south and north, respectively. The Yin and Yang gender represented by the four gods in reproductive witchcraft has the same relationship with Gui, Hu, Zhang and Huang in the six organs. The same of the two should be the result of the influence of the concept of the five elements of Yin and Yang.
【作者单位】：华中师范大学历史文化学院;
【分类号】：K876.8

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