清至民国敦煌水利设施兴修与管理研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 17:45

本文选题：清至民国 + 敦煌　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 目前学术界水利研究从注重历史时期国家大型水利工程建设研究转向区域水利社会史研究，产出诸多成果。其中，，对甘肃的研究主要在兰州、河湟地区、河西走廊等整个较大区域内，对敦煌地区水利建设的研究略有涉及，其研究的时段也多为汉、唐、宋时期。清至民国是敦煌地区水利建设由传统向近代意义上水利建设的过渡时期，学术界对此研究尚处空缺，选择敦煌区域和水利建设的角度，以期复原清至民国时期西北地区基层水利社会情况。本文运用清至民国的方志、奏折、档案、游记等历史文献资料，复原了清前期敦煌十渠的兴修过程，清中后期敦煌水渠的分布及地下水的开采情况，民国年间在甘肃水利林牧公司组织下敦煌水利建设先进技术运用的情况，解决了清至民国时期敦煌水利管理运行过程的问题，并得出以下认识： 1、清至民国敦煌水利设施的兴修是其水利建设的重要阶段。清代敦煌水利设施兴修主要是对前代的继承，渠道基本还是土渠，井灌停留在基本开发状态。然而，民国敦煌水利建设是从传统向近代过渡的重要阶段，在水利勘察、地下水开发和水利工程本身都开始运用科学技术，出现了近代化的影子。 2、清至民国敦煌水利管理运行方式也从传统向近代过渡。清初敦煌水利管理主要依附在隅坊制度之下，随着水利对农业生产重要性的提高，逐渐和山陕地区一样形成灌渠利益共同体。但与山陕不同，敦煌除了各渠灌溉的实际管理者渠长，负责具体渠系工作的排水，还有总理十渠的渠正，并形成通裕、普利、大有、庆余、上下永丰、窑沟、庄浪、新旧伏羌渠十个灌渠利益共同体，以这种管理模式协调各灌渠间的运转。到了民国出现了官商合办的管理模式，其实质体现了政府职能，代表政府利益，此种模式运行尚需更多文献验证。 3、清至民国的敦煌水利兴衰离不开政权的稳定和政府的投资。与历史时期敦煌水利设施兴修的背景相似，一旦本地政权进入稳定时期，敦煌总会伴随着大规模开发，水利设施兴修也会在此时出现一定程度的转机与发展。然而，随着政权统治的薄弱和种种天灾人祸的频繁发生，敦煌的稳定社会被打乱，作为社会发展重要指标之一的水利设施兴修也必然受到影响。此外，敦煌水利建设与本地环境承载能力存在一定的关系，文章对清至民国敦煌水利设施兴修与管理运行的复原，为进一步研究敦煌土地开发和环境变迁做铺垫。
[Abstract]:At present, the research on water conservancy in academic circles has changed from focusing on the construction of large water conservancy projects in the historical period to studying the social history of regional water conservancy, and has produced many achievements. Among them, the study of Gansu is mainly in Lanzhou, Hehuang area, Hexi Corridor and other large areas. The study on water conservancy construction in Dunhuang area involves a little, and the period of study is mostly Han, Tang and Song dynasties. The period from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China was the transition period of water conservancy construction in Dunhuang from the traditional to the modern sense. The academic circles still lack the research on this, and chose the angle of Dunhuang area and water conservancy construction. In order to restore the Qing Dynasty to the period of the Northwest Northwest water conservancy social situation. Based on the historical documents of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the paper restores the process of the construction of the Ten Canal in Dunhuang in the early Qing Dynasty, the distribution of the canal and the exploitation of groundwater in the middle and late period of the Qing Dynasty. During the period of the Republic of China, the application of advanced technology of water conservancy construction in Dunhuang was organized by Gansu Water Conservancy Forest and Animal Husbandry Company, which solved the problems in the operation process of water conservancy management in Dunhuang during the period from Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. 1. The construction of Dunhuang water conservancy facilities from Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China was an important stage of water conservancy construction. In the Qing Dynasty, the construction of Dunhuang water conservancy facilities was mainly inherited from the previous generation, the canal was basically the earth canal, and the well irrigation remained in the basic development state. However, the construction of Dunhuang water conservancy in the Republic of China is an important stage of transition from tradition to modern times. In water conservancy exploration, groundwater exploitation and water conservancy engineering itself, science and technology have been applied, and the shadow of modernization has appeared. 2. From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the operation mode of water conservancy management in Dunhuang also changed from tradition to modern times. In the early Qing Dynasty, Dunhuang water conservancy management mainly depended on the Yufang system. With the improvement of the importance of water conservancy to agricultural production, it gradually formed the community of irrigation and canal interests as the Shanshan area. But unlike Shanshan, Dunhuang, in addition to the actual canal length of each canal irrigation manager, was responsible for the drainage of the specific canal system, as well as the canals of the Premier's ten canals, and formed Tongyu, Priy, Yaoyou, Qingyu, Shang Yongfeng, Yaogou, and Zhuanglang. New and old Fu Qiang canal ten irrigation benefit community, with this kind of management pattern coordinates each irrigation canal between the movement. In the Republic of China, a joint management mode of government and business has emerged, which embodies the functions of the government and represents the interests of the government, and the operation of this mode still needs more literature verification. 3. The rise and fall of Dunhuang water conservancy from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China could not be separated from the stability of political power and government investment. Similar to the historical background of Dunhuang water conservancy facilities construction, once the local regime entered a stable period, Dunhuang always accompanied by large-scale development, water conservancy facilities will also have a certain degree of opportunity and development at this time. However, with the weak governance of the regime and frequent occurrence of natural and man-made disasters, the stable society in Dunhuang was disrupted, and the construction of water conservancy facilities, one of the important indicators of social development, was inevitably affected. In addition, there is a certain relationship between the construction of Dunhuang water conservancy and the carrying capacity of the local environment. This paper provides a basis for further study on the land development and environmental change of Dunhuang, as well as the restoration of the construction and management of water conservancy facilities in Dunhuang from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F426.91;K870.6

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