商周原始瓷产地研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 09:30

本文选题：商周 + 原始　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2006年博士论文

【摘要】：中国古代文明历史悠久，源远流长，是世界上唯一独立起源且连续发展的文明。其中瓷器的发明和制作是对世界文明的巨大贡献之一，是中华文明的重要组成部分。原始瓷是一种跨时代、跨文化地区反复出现的陶瓷遗存，是由陶发展为瓷过程中重要的中间阶段，它的起源、发展、传播等问题直接关联着我国陶瓷发展模式以及商周文化的面貌，是考古学、陶瓷史和化学史的重要课题之一，具有重要的学术价值。考古资料明确表明，早在3000多年前，我国商周时期，已经烧制出器表挂釉、质地坚硬、吸水率甚低的原始瓷器。1929年安阳殷墟发掘时，即发现了这种原始瓷器。近80年来，相当数量的商周原始瓷，陆续出土于我国南北各地。自原始瓷发现以来，有关研究便未曾间断，其中，最为人关注莫过于原始瓷的产地问题。一般有两种观点，一是认为中国的原始瓷起源于我国南方的江西、浙江等地，然后传播到我国北方的黄河流域和南方的珠江流域；二是认为我国的原始瓷几乎同时起源于我国的黄河和长江流域，之后再传播到珠江流域。应该说，两种观点虽各自都有一定的道理，但至今未有定论。近年来，化学成分分析在古陶瓷研究中日显重要。一般说来，古陶瓷原料为就地取料，因而有着明显的地域特征。这样，不同地区的陶瓷产品，其元素的组成和含量以及同位素比值都将有所差别。特别是痕量元素，因对陶瓷器的质量不会产生影响，故一般没有人为因素干扰，可基本原封不动地保留在陶瓷器中。这些痕量元素便具有颇为理想的“化学指纹”作用，可有效地应用于古陶瓷产地研究等问题。本文对古陶瓷科技分析中的若干方法学的问题进行了摸索和尝试，探讨了无损和有损等不同条件下的考古样品分析问题，并进行了相关的研究，，获得了一些有意义的结果。通过ICP和INAA等多种微量元素分析方法，对江西吴城、郑州商城、浙江黄梅山以及山东大辛庄等多个遗址出土原始瓷进行了全面和系统的科学测试与研究。对大量样品微、痕量元素多元统计的分析结果表明，在微、痕量元素组合特征上，北方与南方遗址出土原始瓷迥异；同时，陶器包括部分印纹硬陶与原始瓷器也有明确的区别。结合年代和考古学背景，将北方不同遗址出土原始瓷与南方江西吴城等遗址出土原始瓷进行了对比分析，从科技角度支持了原始瓷具有多个起源的看法，提出了原始瓷不仅北方有源且具有两种以上不同发展脉络以及南、北方商文化之间的技术传播关系等多个重要观点。我们的研究指出，原始瓷的产地具有明显的多源性，即我国南北方都有着烧制原始瓷的技术和条件，北方出土的商周时期原始瓷，相当部分应属北方当地的产品。原始瓷起源的单源性或多源性，将对北方白瓷的产生明显不同的影响，甚至可望为理解我国汉代之后瓷器的所谓“南青北白”格局提供新的认识。该结果为进一步探讨原始瓷产地以及我国瓷器起源和发展问题提供了重要依据。
[Abstract]:China ' s ancient civilization has a long history and long history , it is the only independent and developing civilization in the world . The invention and production of porcelain are an important part of Chinese civilization .
The second is that our country ' s original porcelain originated almost simultaneously from the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valley in our country and then propagated to the Pearl River Basin .

In recent years , the analysis of chemical composition is very important in the research of ancient ceramics . Generally speaking , the ancient ceramic raw materials have obvious regional characteristics . In general , the composition and content of elements and isotopic ratios of ceramic products in different regions will be different . Especially trace elements , because of the influence on the quality of the ceramic devices , can be retained in the pottery basically without human factors . These trace elements have the ideal " chemical fingerprint " function , which can be applied to the research of ancient ceramics .

In this paper , the problems of several methodological problems in the analysis of ancient ceramic science and technology are groped and tried , and the analysis of archaeological samples under different conditions , such as non - destructive and lossy , is discussed , and relevant researches have been carried out and some meaningful results have been obtained .

A comprehensive and systematic scientific test and study was carried out on the original porcelain of many sites such as Wucheng , Zhengzhou , Zhejiang , Huangmei Mountain and Shandong Daxinzhuang through ICP and INAA . The results showed that the original porcelain was different from the original porcelain in the northern and southern sites on the combination of micro and trace elements .
At the same time , there are clear differences between the pottery and the original china .

In combination with the historical and archaeological background , the author compares the original porcelain unearthed from different sites in the north with the original porcelain unearthed in Wucheng , the south of Jiangxi Province . From the technical point of view , the author points out that the original porcelain has many origins and points out that the original porcelain is not only active in the north , but also has more than two different development pulses and the relationship between the south and the north commercial culture .

Our study points out that the origin of the original porcelain has obvious multi - source property , that is , the technology and conditions of firing the original porcelain in the south of China , the primitive porcelain in the Shang - Zhou period of the north unearthed in the north , and the primitive porcelain in the northern part of the Shang - Zhou period , which will obviously have different effects on the northern white porcelain , and even hope to provide a new understanding of the so - called " Nanqing North White " pattern of the porcelain in the Han Dynasty .
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K876.3

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