商周方彝的整理与研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 11:31

本文选题：定名和功用 + 类型学分析　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：方彝是商周时期铜礼器的一个重要器类,出现于殷墟二期,流行于商代晚期,西周中期衰落,春秋早期以后绝迹。方彝数量不多,使用时间短。虽然从北宋开始就有方彝见诸著录,但是方彝器类的确认一直到1941年方有定论。目前方彝的研究往往侧重对某件器物的考释,进行系统论述的文章不多。本文搜集传世及出土的方彝共160件,在前贤研究基础上,运用考古类型学、统计学和文化因素分析的方法,对方彝进行资料整理与综合研究,本文分为以下几个部分：绪论,关于方彝的著录和研究情况。回顾了以往的研究,提出研究方彝的方法,研究目的和意义。第一章,方彝的定名和功用。总结了前人对方彝的定名与功用的研究状况,确定了方彝的器类标准,依据方彝的器形和考古资料,归结出方彝为盛酒器。第二章,方彝的类型学分析和分期断代。主要以科学发掘出土的方彝为分析对象,运用类型学原理对其进行型式分析,并在型式分析的基础之上,将方彝的演变分为六期,大致厘清了方彝的发展脉络。第三章,方彝墓葬组合研究,将商周墓葬分为不同的类型,考察各类墓葬中随葬方彝的数量、体量和其它器类的组合关系,其在墓葬中的摆放位置,从而去了解使用者的等级和当时的葬制葬俗；也印证了上文中方彝为酒器的观点。第四章,方彝的区域研究,从方彝的数量、分布地点和时间范围、族属得出方彝是殷人的文化产物,使用者大部分是商人,西周时期被加以改造,殷周时都被当做高等级的标识物。方彝很大部分集中在陕西、山西和河南一带,这些地方是殷周时期的王畿所在地,边远地区少见。第五章,方彝的纹饰研究。本章把方彝的纹饰分为主纹饰和次纹饰,对出土和传世有器形图片的方彝纹饰进行统计,归纳了方彝纹饰的主要特征和演变规律。第六章,方彝的起源与消亡,本章分析了方彝与商周建筑的联系,从文献和考古材料的角度探讨了方彝应起源于商周时期的大型宫殿建筑。商灭亡后,由于西周重食文化的冲击,方彝衰落,明器方彝出现。笔者通过梳理明器方彝的发展脉络,探讨方彝消失的原因。附论,方彝与其它器类的关系。探讨了方彝与方尊、方M、方壶的关系,区别了器物的联系与不同。结语,对文中研究的问题进行了归纳,指出了存在的问题。
[Abstract]:Fang Yi is an important instrument of the bronze ritual of Shang and Zhou Dynasty, appeared in the two period of the Yin Ruins, was popular in the late Shang Dynasty, declined in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and disappeared after the early spring and Autumn period. The number of Fang Yi is not much, and the use time is short. Although the Yi Yi has been recorded in the Northern Song Dynasty, but the confirmation of the Yi organs has been confirmed until 1941. In this paper, 160 pieces of Fang Yi are collected and unearthed. Based on the previous research, the author uses the methods of archaeological typology, statistics and cultural analysis to organize and study the Yi people. This article is divided into the following parts:
The introduction is about the description and research of Fang Yi. It reviews the past research and puts forward the method of studying Fang Yi, its purpose and significance.
The first chapter, the name and function of Fang Yi, summed up the research status of the name and function of the former Yi's Yi, and determined the standard of Fang Yi's apparatus. According to the form and archaeological data of Fang Yi, Fang Yi is a wine container.
The second chapter, the analysis of the typology of Fang Yi and the stages of its generation, mainly analyzes the Yi Yi, which is unearthed scientifically, and uses the principle of typology to analyze it. On the basis of the type analysis, the evolution of Fang Yi is divided into six stages, which roughly clarifies the development of Fang Yi.
The third chapter, the study of the tombs of Fang Yi, divides the tombs of Shang and Zhou into different types, and investigates the number of Yi in the burial, the combination of body volume and other organs, the position of the burial in the burial, so as to understand the user's grade and the burial custom of the burial at that time.
The fourth chapter, the regional study of Fang Yi, from the number, location and time range of Fang Yi, the Yi is the cultural product of the Yin people, the majority of the users are businessmen, the Western Zhou Dynasty was reformed, the Yin Zhou was regarded as a high grade mark. Most of the Yi Fang Yi was concentrated in Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan, and these places were Yin Zhou The location of the king's capital in the period is rare in the remote area.
The fifth chapter, the study of the ornamentation of Fang Yi. This chapter divides the ornamentation of Fang Yi as the main ornament and secondary ornamentation, and makes a statistical analysis of the Yi ornamentation of the unearthed and born images of the Yi's Yi, and sums up the main features and evolution rules of the Yi decoration.
The sixth chapter, the origin and extinction of Fang Yi, this chapter analyzes the relationship between Fang Yi and Shang and Zhou Architecture. From the angle of literature and archaeological materials, the author probes into the large palace architecture which originated from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties from the angle of literature and archaeological materials. After the extinction of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, because of the impact of the culture of the Western Zhou's heavy food, Fang Yi declined and the Ming Yi Fang Yi appeared. The reasons for the disappearance of Fang Yi are discussed.
The relationship between Fang Yi and other organs is discussed. The relationship between Fang Yi and Fang Zun, Fang M and Fang kettle is discussed. The relation and difference of the utensils are distinguished. The conclusion is concluded and the existing problems are pointed out.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K876.41

【相似文献】