隋代鲜卑遗骨反映的拓跋部起源

发布时间：2018-06-05 00:31

本文选题：拓跋鲜卑起源 + 父系遗传类型　；参考：《学术月刊》2017年10期

【摘要】：北魏皇族后裔元威的父系遗传单倍型为C3b-F1756,是一种高频分布于外贝加尔-蒙古高原东部的遗传类型。考虑到拓跋鲜卑部众在颅骨形态特征以及母系遗传关系上与蒙古人种北亚类型居民也有密切的亲缘关系,研究认为拓跋部起源于外贝加尔-蒙古高原东部地区。这点由松嫩平原土著考古文化和居民类型在东汉时发生的巨大变化也能体现,这一变化与外贝加尔地区居民南下有关,其主体人群极有可能就是史书所记载的鲜卑。对于学界主流的"拓跋鲜卑嘎仙洞起源说",因该遗址不像周边任何一种考古文化的发源地,加上其被"发现"的过程疑点重重,因而认为"嘎仙洞"不大可能是拓跋部发源地,拓跋部的兴起与北亚人群从外贝加尔地区南下呼伦湖的迁徙有关。
[Abstract]:The paternal haplotype of Yuan Wei descended from the imperial family of the Northern Wei Dynasty is C3b-F1756, which is a kind of genetic type with high frequency distribution in the eastern part of the outer Baikal-Mongolian Plateau. Considering that Tuoba Xianbei population is also closely related to the population of Mongolian North Asia in terms of skull morphology and maternal genetic relationship, it is considered that Tuoba originated from the eastern part of Outer Baikal-Mongol Plateau. This point can also be reflected by the great changes that took place during the Eastern Han Dynasty in the archaeological culture and the types of inhabitants of the Songnen Plain. This change is related to the southward movement of the inhabitants of the Outer Baikal region, the main body of which is probably the Xianbei as recorded in the history books. For the mainstream theory of the origin of Tuoba Xianbei Gaxian Cave, because the site is not like the birthplace of any archaeological culture in the surrounding area, and the process of its "discovery" is full of doubts, it is believed that the "Gaxian Cave" is unlikely to be the birthplace of the Tuoba Department. The rise of Tuoba is related to the migration of North Asian people from Lake Hurun to the south of Outer Baikal.
【作者单位】：复旦大学历史系;复旦大学现代人类学教育部重点实验室;
【分类号】：K87;Q981

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