长沙铜官窑谭家坡遗迹馆内优势病害真菌的分子鉴定

发布时间：2018-07-08 10:02

本文选题：大遗址 + 考古遗迹　；参考：《文物保护与考古科学》2014年04期

【摘要】：针对长沙铜官窑谭家坡遗迹馆内大肆爆发的微生物病害,为确定造成考古遗迹污染的优势真菌类型,项目组开展了病害真菌的现状调查和快速检测鉴定工作。利用无菌手术刀收集考古遗迹表面典型病害微生物的菌体样品,通过提取样品基因组总DNA、真菌ITS区PCR扩增、构建克隆文库、序列测定和系统发生关系分析等技术完成了病害菌的分子生物学鉴定和类群组成特点分析。结果表明,遗迹馆内考古遗迹表面爆发的主要病害菌为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、白腐菌(Phlebia brevispora)、荷叶离褶伞(Lyophyllum decastes),它们分别隶属于丛赤壳科(Nectriaceae)、伏革菌科(Corticiaceae)、离褶伞科(Lyophyllaceae),均为营腐生真菌,与土壤中木质材料的降解密切相关。考古现场大量的根系残留为病害菌的大肆繁殖提供了重要的营养源,而高的温度和相对湿度是促进病害菌快速生长扩散的主要环境因素。建议人工清除病害菌和根系残留,并对遗迹馆进行适当的环境控制。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the outbreak of microbial diseases in Tongguanyao Tan Jiapo vestige in Changsha, the project team carried out the investigation and rapid detection and identification of the present situation of the disease fungi in order to determine the dominant fungi types that caused the pollution of archaeological relics. The bacterial samples of typical surface diseases of archaeological relics were collected by using sterile scalpel. The genomic DNA was extracted and the PCR amplification of its region of fungi was used to construct the clone library. Sequence determination and phylogenetic analysis were used to analyze the molecular biological characteristics of disease bacteria. The results showed that the main disease bacteria on the surface of archaeological relics were Fusarium oxysporum), decastes),. They belong to Nectriaceae, Corticiaceae, Lyophyllaceae, all of them belong to camp saprophytic fungi, which belong to Nectriaceae, Corticiaceae and Lyophyllaceae, respectively, which belong to the family Nectriaceae, the family Corticiaceae and the family Lyophyllaceae, respectively, which belong to the family Nectriaceae, the family Corticiaceae and the family Lyophyllaceae, all of which belong to the family Nectriaceae. It is closely related to the degradation of wood materials in soil. A large number of root residues in archaeological sites provide an important nutrient source for the propagation of disease bacteria, and high temperature and relative humidity are the main environmental factors to promote the rapid growth and diffusion of disease bacteria. It is suggested that artificial removal of diseased bacteria and root residues and proper environmental control of the vestigial pavilion should be carried out.
【作者单位】：敦煌研究院保护研究所;国家古代壁画与土遗址保护工程技术研究中心;古代壁画保护国家文物局重点科研基地;甘肃省古代壁画与土遗址保护重点实验室;湖南省考古研究所;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划资助(2010BAK67B09;2013BAC07B02) 国家自然科学基金项目资助(31260136;31440031) 国家文物局文物保护科学与技术研究重点课题资助(20110208)
【分类号】：K878

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