苏尔汉河流域早期贵霜遗存初步研究

发布时间：2018-08-08 16:22

【摘要】：苏尔汉河地处中亚乌兹别克斯坦,属于阿姆河一级支流,其主要流经乌兹别克斯坦苏尔汉河州。早期贵霜有别于贵霜帝国,本文所论述早期贵霜指希腊-巴克特里亚王国放弃对苏尔汉河流域的控制之后到贵霜帝国建立之前的时间范围。在苏尔汉河流域经考古调查发现了86座含早期贵霜时期的遗址,其中部分遗址经过发掘,出土了大量的陶器以及钱币。这些资料均以俄文发表,本文以此为基础进行研究。本文共分四个部分,对苏尔汉河流域早期贵霜时期典型陶器的形制、演变、分期等特征进行了分析,进而对该地区这一时期的人口构成、宗教信仰等问题等做以探讨。第一部分,绪论。对苏尔汉河流域的自然地理概况、历史沿革、以及该地区以往的历史发现做简要概述。并说明本文的写作缘起和研究方法。第二部分,类型学分析。结合地层学,对已发掘的六个遗址中所出土的圈足杯、圈足碗、单耳壶、双耳壶、无耳壶、钵、罐、瓮、盘等九类陶器进行类型学分析。第三部分,分期与年代。在类型学分析的基础上,将本地区陶器分为三期四段,分别为希腊化时期(第一段)、早期贵霜时期(第二段)与贵霜帝国早期(第三段)、贵霜帝国中晚期(第四段)。第一期器类单一,包括圈足杯B Ⅰ式、圈足碗AⅠ式、Cb型、瓮A型、盘,AⅠ式圈足碗唇部较厚,腹壁斜直,平底,具有明显的希腊风格。到第二期,器类出现了明显增长,圈足杯AaⅠ式、AaⅡ式、Ab型、BⅡ式、BⅢ式、圈足碗BⅡ式、BⅢ式、Ca Ⅰ式、CaⅡ式、单耳壶AⅠ式、AⅡ式、双耳壶A型、BⅠ式、BⅡ式等成为本期的代表,希腊风格开始消退的现象,而本地特点逐渐显现。第三期器类又较为单一,很多器类消失,本地特点占据统治地位。主要器形是圈足杯BⅣ式和单耳壶AⅢ式。第四部分,相关问题探讨。从钱币上面的纹样图案和出土的分布范围可推,“赫劳斯”钱币的发行人应是早于丘就却的某一位早期贵霜君主所发行,Soter Megas型钱币应是丘就却与阎膏珍之间的一位掌握贵霜实权的大臣所发行。根据城址的面积和内涵,苏尔汉河流域早期贵霜时期城址可以分为地区一级的统治中心、普通群众的聚居地、次一级的军事统治中心以及拱卫前三级城址的小型军事堡垒四个等级。通过文化因素分析法可知,早期贵霜苏尔汉河流域人群由本地人、波斯人、希腊人和少量塞人构成。从这一时期宗教建筑内发现的壁画、雕塑残件等来看,早期贵霜时期苏尔汉河流域人民的信仰是多元的,希腊宗教、琐罗亚斯德教、佛教等各种宗教信仰并存,佛教开始传入并且发展迅速。此外,结合汉文文献,可以得出月氏人从事游牧活动、生活在山前和山间地带,而贵霜人时代经营灌溉农业、生活在苏尔汉河流域的平原地带。从早期贵霜遗址的分布和发展看,农业人群在掌握了游牧人群生产生活规律之后,是有可能战胜游牧人群的。总之,早期贵霜时期是苏尔汉河流域陶器发展的一个过渡时期,其陶器特点既保留有少量的希腊风格,又有突破创新,为贵霜帝国时期陶器自身特点的形成奠定了基础。早期贵霜时期城址可分四个等级,该地区人口构成多元化,宗教信仰亦较开放。早期贵霜人与月氏人的文化遗存区别比较明显。
[Abstract]:The shellhan river is located in Uzbekistan in Central Asia and belongs to the first grade tributary of the Amu River, which mainly flows through the Uzbekistan river state. The early precious frost is different from the imperial palace. This article discusses the early precious cream that the time range of the Greek - bark - trian kingdom before the establishment of the Uzbekistan River Valley. 86 sites with early stage of the ancient precious frost were discovered in the shal Han River Basin, in which some of the sites were excavated and a large number of pottery and coins were unearthed. These data were published in Russian and based on this study. This article is divided into four parts to form the shape of typical pottery in the early period of the Han River Valley in Suhl. The characteristics of the evolution and staging are analyzed, and then the population composition and religious belief in this area are discussed. The first part, the introduction, outlines the natural geography, historical evolution, and the previous historical discovery in the area of the shalhan River, and explains the origin and research methods of this article. The two part, typology analysis. Combined with stratigraphy, a typological analysis of nine types of pottery, such as foot cup, circle foot bowl, single ear pot, double ear pot, ear pot, pot, pot, pot, urn, disc and other nine types of pottery, was analyzed with stratigraphy. The third part, staging and age. Based on the analysis of typology, the local pottery was divided into three stages four segments, respectively Greece. Period (first paragraph), early period (second) period (second section) and early stage (third section) of the imperial empires, and late (fourth) period of the Royal Jigu empire. The first stage is single, including round foot cup B I, circle foot bowl A I, Cb, urn A, disc, A I bowl with thick lip, straight abdominal wall, flat bottom, obvious Greek style. To phase second, organs appear. Aa I, Aa II, Ab, B II, B II, B III, B III, B II, B III, Ca I, Ca II, single ear A I, A II, double ear pots, A, etc. became the representative of this period, and the Greek style began to fade away, and the local characteristics gradually appeared. The third phase was more single and many organs disappeared. The local characteristics dominate. The main shape is the B IV of the cup and the single ear pot A III. The fourth part is the discussion of the related problems. The pattern and the distribution of the unearthed form on the coin can be pushed, and the issuer of the "" coins should be issued by a certain early monarch, but the Soter Megas type coins should be mound. It was issued with a chancellor between Yan Gaozhen and a chancellor who had a mastery of the real power. According to the area and connotation of the city site, the city site of the early Shinhan River Valley could be divided into a district level ruling center, a common populace, a secondary military rule center and a small military fortress at the three site of the front of the arch and guard. Through the analysis of cultural factors, the people of the early shihhhan River Basin were made up of locals, Persians, Greeks and a small number of people. From this period, the murals and sculptures found in the religious buildings of this period showed that the people of the Sirhan River Basin in the early period of the period of the first precious frost were pluralistic, Greek religion, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism and so on. With the coexistence of various religious beliefs, Buddhism began to be introduced and developed rapidly. In addition, in combination with the Chinese literature, it can be concluded that the lunar people are engaged in nomadic activities, living in the mountains and in the mountains, and in the times of the ancient times, the irrigated agriculture and living in the plain of the shighhan River Basin. After mastering the production and living rules of the nomadic people, it is possible to overcome the nomadic people. In a word, the early period is a transitional period for the development of pottery in the shellhan River Basin. Its pottery features not only retained a small amount of Greek style, but also had a breakthrough and innovation, which laid the foundation for the formation of the pottery's own characteristics during the period of the imperial palace. The city site of the period of the golden age can be divided into four grades. The population of the area is diversified and the religious belief is more open. The cultural remains of the early precious people and the moon people are distinctly different.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K883.62

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