青岛丁字湾-鳌山湾沿岸史前早期遗址的人地关系演变:以遗址资源域调查和分析为中心

发布时间：2018-08-26 07:44

【摘要】：遗址资源域分析是研究古代人地关系演变的重要方法。通过运用这种方法,在山东青岛市东部的丁字湾-鳌山湾沿岸19处史前早期(距今约6200~5700年前)遗址进行了深入的遗址资源域调查和分析。调查方法是参照西方同类研究的做法,从遗址中心出发,向不同方向步行1小时路程,沿途详细考察并记录地层堆积和自然资源分布信息,以及体能消耗情况。在此基础上,并运用泰森多边形分析法,讨论这些遗址获取生存资源的范围,并就人地关系演变得出了如下认识:1)这些遗址中约有13处独立的定居聚落,其中10处位于当时的沿海地带,其余3处位于山地之中,5处沿海聚落还各自拥有另外1个附属性聚落作为季节性捕捞或狩猎的营地,以获取足够的自然资源;2)这13处定居聚落都拥有自己的资源域,大致为从聚落出发1小时路程去圈定的地域范围,面积一般为20~30km~2,半径一般为2.5~3.5km,沿海聚落到达海边的距离普遍不超过1km;3)资源域内的自然资源比较丰富,聚落所需大多数生存资源都取自这一范围,开发和利用这些资源的经济模式基本一致,可概括为采捞-狩猎为主的模式,农业的比例较小,作为采捞和狩猎对象的野生动植物主要来自聚落周围的海边和山地中;4)这些定居聚落对生存资源的开发和利用是比较充分的,即这一时期的人地关系整体是比较和谐的,这应该是该地区史前早期遗址数量众多,从而构成该地区整个史前时期聚落和人口最繁荣阶段的原因所在。
[Abstract]:The analysis of site resource domain is an important method to study the evolution of ancient man-land relationship. By using this method, 19 sites of early prehistoric period (about 6200-5700 years ago) along the coast of Tingziwan-Aoshan Bay in eastern Qingdao City, Shandong Province, were investigated and analyzed in depth. The method of investigation is based on similar research practices in the West. On this basis, the Tyson polygon analysis method is used to discuss the scope of these sites to obtain survival resources, and the evolution of the relationship between man and land is as follows: 1) There are about 13 independent settlements in the site, of which 10 are located in the coastal zone at that time, the remaining 3 are located in the mountains, 5 are also attached to the coastal settlements as seasonal fishing or hunting camps to obtain adequate natural resources; 2) these 13 settlements have their own resource areas, mostly from the accumulation of resources. Settlement within an hour distance to delineate the geographical area, the area is generally 20-30 km-2, the radius is generally 2.5-3.5 km, the coastal settlement to the coastal distance generally does not exceed 1 km; 3) the natural resources within the resource area is relatively rich, the majority of the settlement needs for survival resources are taken from this area, the development and utilization of these resources economic model is basically the same. As a result, it can be summarized as a fishing-hunting-based model, the proportion of agriculture is small, wildlife as the object of fishing and hunting mainly comes from the seashore and mountain areas around the settlement; 4) these settlements on the development and utilization of living resources is more adequate, that is, the overall human-land relationship in this period is more harmonious, which should be The area has a large number of early prehistoric sites, which contributed to the entire prehistoric settlement and the most prosperous period of population.
【作者单位】：山东大学历史文化学院考古系;山东省地质调查院;
【基金】：山东大学人文社会科学重大项目(批准号:12RWZD09) 教育部“新世纪优秀人才支撑计划”共同资助
【分类号】：K878;C912.4

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