徐州北洞山汉墓陶俑佩绶考——兼论秦汉印绶之制

发布时间：2018-10-23 18:23

【摘要】：江苏徐州北洞山西汉墓壁龛出土一批保存完好的彩绘仪卫俑,其所佩饰物的形制和色彩尤其清晰,是秦汉佩绶形象珍贵的图像材料,揭示出有关汉代佩绶制度的一些新问题。参照北洞山汉墓陶俑所见实例,可知过去文献常见的"印绶"连称,在实际佩戴过程中并不具备可操作性。北洞山汉墓陶俑以更直接的"印"、"绶"形象揭示出它们之间的间接联系方式,即以较细的丝织物"~"作为系带从而使"印"、"绶"相关联,也第一次向世人展示出"绶"之构件"~"的直观形象。此外,本文结合历史文献认为,这批陶俑之佩绶具有早期过渡期的特点,西汉初年的绶带形态尚不固定,朝廷虽已行印绶之制,对不同等级的官秩所佩绶色有简单规定,但尚未如东汉一样形成体系完备的规制,汉绶本身在两汉时期存在变化。在此基础上,秦汉时期的印绶制度的发展也存在一个逐渐完备的过程,"绶"作为一种佩饰名广泛使用应在两汉时期,而真正意义上"佩绶"成风也发生在汉代。
[Abstract]:A group of well-preserved painted terracotta warriors have been unearthed in the niches of Shanxi Han Tomb in North Cave, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province. The shapes and colors of the ornaments are particularly clear, which is a precious image material of the Qin and Han dynasties, and reveals some new problems about the peishou system in the Han Dynasty. Referring to the examples of pottery figurines in the Han Tombs of Beidongshan, we can see that the "Indo-Shou", which is common in the past literature, is not operable in the actual wearing process. The pottery figurines of the Han tombs of Beidongshan reveal the indirect contact between them with a more direct "seal" and "shou" image, that is, using the finer silk fabric "~" as the tie band, so that the "seal" and "ribbon" are associated. Also for the first time to show the world, "shou" components, "~" intuitive image. In addition, according to the historical documents, the wearing ribbon of the pottery figurines has the characteristics of the early transitional period, the shape of the ribbons in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty is not fixed, and although the court has already implemented the system of "Indo-Shou", it has a simple stipulation on the official rank of different levels of the ribbon. However, as the Eastern Han Dynasty has not formed a complete system of regulation, the Han shou itself in the Han Dynasty changes. On this basis, the development of the Indo-Shou system in the Qin and Han dynasties also had a gradual and complete process. The widespread use of "Shou" as a decorative name should have occurred in the Han Dynasty, and the true meaning of "Peishou" also took place in the Han Dynasty.
【作者单位】：中国国家博物馆;
【分类号】：K876.3

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