陕西地区出土西周原始瓷工艺特征的初步研究

发布时间：2018-11-06 18:27

【摘要】：原始瓷是介于陶器与瓷器之间的中间产物,它为以后高质量瓷器的出现提供了物质基础和必要的工艺条件,被认为是我国乃至世界陶瓷科学技术史上的一大里程碑。因此,对于原始瓷的研究一直是学术界热点内容之一。陕西地区是中华文明起源与发展的重要区域之一,它在我国古陶瓷文明发展史上亦有一定的地位。近些年的考古工作,在该地区也发现了不少商周时期的原始瓷,主要以西周时期为多,如扶风杨家堡西周墓、长安普度村西周墓、沣西大原村西周墓、长安张家坡遗址、岐山凤雏村遗址等均有数量不等的原始瓷实物资料出土。然而,迄今为止陕西地区出土原始瓷的科技分析成果极少。因此,开展陕西地区出土西周原始瓷的科技考古研究亟待加强。本论文以陕西地区枣树沟脑遗址、沣西遗址张家坡墓地和周原遗址的周公庙墓地等遗址或墓葬中出土的西周原始瓷作为研究对象,在利用现代科技手段对原始瓷样品进行测试分析的基础上,结合文献资料和类型学等综合分析研究陕西地区西周原始瓷的制作工艺特点,并推测其产地及其发展概况。通过三个遗址原始瓷测试结果的分析,并与南方地区西周时期原始瓷的结果进行对比,得出以下几点认识：陕西地区枣树沟脑遗址与周原遗址出土的原始瓷胎质较粗糙,胎中存在未熔颗粒、孔隙；施釉不均,釉层较为浑浊。原始瓷胎料选用含较高钾的瓷石；釉应是添加了草木灰的钙釉；周原遗址和枣树沟脑遗址的原始瓷工艺尚处于制瓷技术初级阶段。沣西遗址张家坡墓地出土的原始瓷胎质粗糙,胎中夹杂较多颗粒、孔隙较多：釉层较薄,存在较多露胎现象。原始瓷胎料选用含钾较高的高岭土；釉应是添加了草木灰的钙釉；沣西遗址原始瓷的制作工艺相比于前两个遗址较差一些。
[Abstract]:Primitive porcelain is the intermediate product between pottery and porcelain. It provides the material basis and necessary technological conditions for the appearance of high-quality porcelain in the future. It is considered as a milestone in the history of ceramic science and technology in China and the world. Therefore, the study of primitive porcelain has been one of the hot topics in academic circles. Shaanxi is one of the important regions of the origin and development of Chinese civilization, and it also has a certain position in the history of ancient ceramic civilization in China. In recent years, archaeological work in this area has also found many primitive porcelain in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, mainly in the Western Zhou Dynasty, such as Fufeng Yang Jiabu Western Zhou Tomb, Changan Pudu Village Western Zhou Tomb, Fengxi Da Yuan Village Western Zhou Tomb, Changan Zhangjiapo site. Qishan Fengxiao Village ruins and so on have a number of raw porcelain material unearthed. However, so far, the scientific and technological analysis of the original porcelain unearthed in Shaanxi area is rare. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the scientific and technological archaeological research of the original porcelain of Western Zhou Dynasty unearthed in Shaanxi area. In this paper, the sites of Zaoshugou brain site in Shaanxi, Zhangjiapo cemetery in Fengxi site and Zhougongmiao cemetery in Zhou Yuan site, etc., or the primitive porcelain unearthed in the Western Zhou Dynasty are taken as the research objects. On the basis of testing and analyzing raw porcelain samples by means of modern science and technology, combined with literature and typology, this paper studies the technological characteristics of making raw porcelain of Western Zhou Dynasty in Shaanxi region, and inferred its origin and development. Through the analysis of the test results of the original porcelain from the three sites and the comparison with the results of the original porcelain of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the southern part of China, we can draw the following conclusions: the primitive porcelain foetus unearthed from Zaoshugounao site and Zhou Yuan site in Shaanxi area is relatively rough. There are unmelted particles and pores in the fetus; Uneven application of glaze, glaze layer is more turbid. Porcelain stone with high potassium should be used as raw material; glaze should be calcium glaze with plant ash added; the original porcelain technology of Zhou Yuan site and Zaoshunao site is still in the primary stage of porcelain making technology. The primitive porcelain tire unearthed in Zhangjiapo cemetery of Fengxi site is rough, with more particles in the fetus and more pores: the glaze layer is thinner, and there are more exposed tyres. Kaolin with high potassium content was used as raw porcelain tire; glaze should be calcium glaze with plant ash added; the process of making raw porcelain in Fengxi site was worse than that in the former two sites.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K876.3

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