石家河文化墓地研究

发布时间：2019-05-08 09:54

【摘要】：龙山时代后期，地处汉水中、上游及其以南地区的石家河文化，在继承之前的屈家岭文化后进一步发展。以往对该文化墓地的研究表明，其社会内部的阶级分化已较为明显，尤以汉东地区为甚，而湘江和汉水上游地区则紧随其后。这种阶级上的分化不仅将石家河文化带入了文明的门槛，或许也加速了石家河文化的覆灭。本文对石家河文化墓地的出土材料进行了梳理。首先，笔者在重新讨论石家河文化的分期的基础上，对石家河文化的墓葬进行了分期研究，确定了石家河文化墓葬的相对年代。其次，分析了典型墓地，讨论了墓葬间的阶级分化和贫富差距，同时又对各墓地进行了比较，并探讨了渊源、流向，与周边考古学文化遗存互动交流。最后，笔者划分了石家河文化墓地的等级，借此讨论石家河文化的社会性质及其历史进程，认为内外双重因素导致了石家河文化的突然消失。笔者将文章分为了四个部分进行论述：绪论简要概述了石家河文化的时空范围、学术史、学术观点以及目前仍需解决的问题。第一章石家河文化墓葬的分期及年代笔者对石家河文化肖家屋脊、邓家湾、青龙泉、七里河以及岱子坪遗址的居址进行分段，建立了石家河文化墓地的编年框架，明确了墓地在石家河文化中的相对年代。第二章石家河文化典型墓地分析笔者对肖家屋脊、邓家湾、青龙泉、七里河以及岱子坪遗址的石家河文化墓地进行分析，表明各墓葬在随葬品数量、墓圹面积、墓地布局等方面都显示出了阶级的高低和贫富上的巨大落差。第三章石家河文化墓地表述的历史进程笔者讨论了石家河文化墓葬作为一种文化因素的渊源和流向，认为肖家屋脊和邓家湾，以及青龙泉墓地在墓葬形制和葬俗上继承了屈家岭文化的丧葬形式，而七里河遗址和岱子坪遗址的墓葬在形制和葬俗上则受到了大汶口文化和湘江流域地区考古学文化墓葬传统的影响。关于石家河文化墓葬的流向，就目前的材料表明仅有七里河遗址三房湾文化在葬俗上继承了青龙泉遗址的腰坑葬，而肖家屋脊遗址后石家河文化则仅保留了瓮棺葬，无土坑墓。最后，结合之前对墓地的分析，笔者在石家河文化的时空框架内将石家河文化典型墓地的墓葬分为了6个级别，4个层次。同时，指出石家河文化在所面临的时代大环境下已步入文明，，并认为由于其内部阶级的高度分化和来自北部王湾三期遗存的向南挤压，最终导致石家河文化消亡。第四章结论对之前石家河文化墓地的研究进行总结，并做出最后结论性的概括。
[Abstract]:In the late Longshan period, Shijiahe culture in the upper reaches and south of Han River developed further after inheriting the qu Jialing culture. Previous studies on the cultural graveyard show that the class differentiation within the society is more obvious, especially in the Handong region, while the upper reaches of Xiangjiang River and Hanshui River are closely followed. This class differentiation not only brought Shijiazhe culture to the threshold of civilization, but also accelerated the destruction of Shijiazhe culture. This paper combs the unearthed materials of Shijiahe Cultural Cemetery. First of all, on the basis of re-discussing the stages of Shijiazhe culture, the author studies the burial stages of Shijiahe culture and determines the relative age of Shijiahe cultural tombs. Secondly, the typical cemeteries are analyzed, and the class differentiation and the gap between rich and poor are discussed. At the same time, the cemeteries are compared, and the origin, direction and interaction with the surrounding archaeological and cultural relics are discussed. Finally, the author classifies the graveyard of Shijiahe culture and discusses the social nature and historical process of Shijiahe culture. The author thinks that internal and external double factors lead to the sudden disappearance of Shijiazhe culture. The paper is divided into four parts: the introduction briefly summarizes the space-time scope of Shijiahe culture, academic history, academic point of view and the problems that still need to be solved. The first chapter is the division and age of Shijiahe Cultural Tomb. The author divides the sites of Shijiahe Cultural Shaojia Ridge, Dunjiawan, Qinglongquan, Qilihe and Daiziping sites, and establishes the chronological framework of Shijiahe Cultural Cemetery. The relative age of cemeteries in Shijiahe culture is clear. Chapter II Analysis of Shijiahe Cultural typical Cemetery the author analyzes the Shijiahe Cultural Cemetery of the Xiaojia Ridge, Deng Jiawan, Qinglongquan, Qilihe and Daiziping sites, indicating that the tombs are in the number of objects and the area of the tombs. The layout of the graveyard shows the high and low of the class and the great disparity between the rich and the poor. Chapter III the historical process of the expression of Shijiahe Cultural Cemetery the author discusses the origin and direction of Shijiahe Cultural Tomb as a cultural factor, and thinks that the Xiaojia roof ridge and Dengjiawan are the two major cultural factors of Shijiahe Cultural Cemetery. And the Qinglongquan cemetery inherited the funeral forms of qu Jialing culture in the form of burial and funeral customs. On the other hand, the graves of Qilihe and Daiziping sites were influenced by the culture of Dawenkou and the culture of archaeology in Xiangjiang River basin. On the direction of Shijiahe Cultural Tomb, the present materials show that only Qilihe River site Sanfangwan culture inherited the waist pit burial of Qinglongquan site on the burial custom, while the Shijiazhe culture only retained the urn coffin burial after the Xiaojia roof ridge site, and there was no earth pit tomb. Finally, combining with the analysis of the graveyard before, the author divides the tombs of the typical graves of Shijiazhe culture into six levels and four levels within the framework of time and space of Shijiahe culture. At the same time, the paper points out that Shijiahe culture has stepped into civilization under the environment of the times, and thinks that Shijiahe culture will die out because of the high differentiation of its inner class and the southward squeeze from the third phase of Wangwan in the north. The fourth chapter summarizes the study of Shijiahe Cultural Cemetery and makes a final conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K878.8

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