事实真理和逻辑真理

发布时间：2018-02-20 07:39

本文关键词： 逻辑真理事实真理同义反复真值条件重言式等值命题逻辑推理现代逻辑表达式逻辑命题　出处：《江汉论坛》1995年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：正在其相互关系之下,如果事实真理和逻辑真理的确切含义没有得到澄清,则人们在从事逻辑推理的过程中,于理论和实践两方面都会遇到一些严重损害清晰思维的困惑。维特根斯坦关于逻辑命题是重言式,不对世界作断言,因而是同义反复这种不加限定的观点可以说是前者的典型代表,事实上它已成为现代逻辑学中的正统,以致罗素晚年竟发出了整个数学(他认为就如同逻辑一样)都是像陈述"四足的动物是动物"那样的空洞这种悲剧性的浩叹。而后者的典型代表则是确认悖论以及蕴涵悖论等一系列所谓"怪论"。在下文中,我试图通过对事实真理和逻辑真理在其相互关系之下各自含义的逻辑分析,以澄清将逻辑命题(真理)看作为重言式这种观点的具体意义及其界限;同时力图使人们得以清楚地意识到,那些在逻辑运用领域中出现的貌似深奥的疑惑,说到底无非是一些语言的基本误用。如果一切顺利的话,正如追根溯底的探究往往将人们分别地引向哲学史上某个伟大的时代一样,最后我们或许会发现我们又以自己的方式回到了康德。
[Abstract]:It is under their mutual relationship that if the exact meaning of the truth of fact and the truth of logic is not clarified, then people are engaged in logical reasoning, In both theory and practice there are some puzzles that seriously impair clear thinking. Wittgenstein's logical proposition is tautology and does not assert the world. Thus the unqualified view of synonymous repetition can be said to be a typical representative of the former. In fact, it has become the orthodoxy of modern logic. So much so that Russell, in his later years, uttered the whole of mathematics, which he thought was like logic, a tragic sigh of emptiness like stating that "four-legged animals are animals." and the latter typically represented the confirmation of paradoxes. And a series of so-called "strange theories" such as paradox. I try to clarify the concrete meaning and the boundary of the viewpoint that logical proposition (truth) is regarded as tautology through the logical analysis of the meaning of the truth and the logic truth in their respective meanings. And trying to make it clear that the seemingly profound doubts that arise in the application of logic are, in the end, the basic misuse of some language. If all goes well, Just as the search for roots tends to lead people separately to a great age in the history of philosophy, we may eventually find ourselves returning to Kant in our own way.
【作者单位】：
【分类号】：B81

【共引文献】