功利的求果性认知与辩证的逻辑实证思维——论实证科学的认知方式和思维方式
发布时间：2018-07-13 07:58
【摘要】：历史范畴的科学有一个从思辨之学到实证之学的发展过程。这两种学术形态的差异是由于其所依据的因果观念不同所致。因果观念是人与环境之间现实的互动关系在人们头脑中的反映。思辨科学是本于反映前工业文明时代人适应环境的被动性行为规律的因果观念,其特点是将因果律归结为"有果必有因";实证科学是本于反映工业文明时代人改变环境的主动性行为规律的因果观念,其特点是将因果律归结为"有因必有果"。由此导致其有不同的认知取向和认知方式:思辨科学是追寻"果之因"的"求因性认知",其目的是为了获智成善;实证科学是追寻"因之果"的"求果性认知",其目的是为了取得既有效果又有效率的成功。在思维方式上,思辨科学是基于形而上学世界观,按形式逻辑规则,单纯地进行理论性推演;实证科学则是基于辩证法,按功利实用原则,将理论性推演与经验性推演互相结合来进行逻辑实证,这是一种由语言世界的理论创造到行为世界的事功创造的辩证思维运动。
[Abstract]:The science of historical category has a developing process from speculative study to empirical study. The difference between the two academic forms is due to the difference of causality. The concept of causality is the reflection of the real interaction between human and environment in people's minds. Speculative science is based on the concept of causality that reflects the laws of passive behavior of people adapting to the environment in the pre-industrial civilization era. Its characteristic is that the causality law is reduced to "there must be cause", the empirical science is based on the causality concept which reflects the active behavior law of people changing the environment in the age of industrial civilization, and its characteristic is that the causality law is reduced to "there must be cause and effect". As a result, it has different cognitive orientations and cognitive styles: speculative science is the "factorial cognition" in pursuit of "the cause of the result", the purpose of which is to achieve good by wisdom; Empirical science is a kind of "fruit seeking cognition", which aims at achieving both effect and efficiency. In the way of thinking, speculative science is based on metaphysical worldview, according to the rules of formal logic, purely theoretical deduction, empirical science is based on dialectics, according to utilitarian practical principles, It is a dialectical thinking movement from the theory of language world to the work creation of behavior world to combine theoretical deduction with empirical deduction to carry out logical demonstration.
【作者单位】： 苏州大学政治与公共管理学院;
【分类号】：B811
本文编号：2118710
[Abstract]:The science of historical category has a developing process from speculative study to empirical study. The difference between the two academic forms is due to the difference of causality. The concept of causality is the reflection of the real interaction between human and environment in people's minds. Speculative science is based on the concept of causality that reflects the laws of passive behavior of people adapting to the environment in the pre-industrial civilization era. Its characteristic is that the causality law is reduced to "there must be cause", the empirical science is based on the causality concept which reflects the active behavior law of people changing the environment in the age of industrial civilization, and its characteristic is that the causality law is reduced to "there must be cause and effect". As a result, it has different cognitive orientations and cognitive styles: speculative science is the "factorial cognition" in pursuit of "the cause of the result", the purpose of which is to achieve good by wisdom; Empirical science is a kind of "fruit seeking cognition", which aims at achieving both effect and efficiency. In the way of thinking, speculative science is based on metaphysical worldview, according to the rules of formal logic, purely theoretical deduction, empirical science is based on dialectics, according to utilitarian practical principles, It is a dialectical thinking movement from the theory of language world to the work creation of behavior world to combine theoretical deduction with empirical deduction to carry out logical demonstration.
【作者单位】： 苏州大学政治与公共管理学院;
【分类号】：B811
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