逻辑的计算进路——从莱布尼茨到图灵的逻辑发展

发布时间：2018-11-18 16:39

【摘要】：现代逻辑肇始于莱布尼茨,在布尔和弗雷格处发生了分流,形成了所谓的逻辑的代数传统和逻辑的语言传统,然而,无论是代数传统亦或者是语言传统都与莱布尼茨的逻辑学纲领(即:“作为科学、数学和哲学”的基础)相去甚远。在图灵机理论中,图灵核心阐述了“自动机”和“指令表语言”这两个概念,这两者很好地契合了莱布尼茨关于“理性演算”和“普遍语言”的构想,可以说,图灵机理论最为接近莱布尼茨的逻辑学纲领,也跳出代数传统和语言传统,另辟蹊径,形成了一种新的“作为计算的逻辑”传统(也可以称为“计算传统”)。“作为计算的逻辑”实质上是一种“主体转向”,“以往的逻辑”是当仁不让地以人类为主体,研究的对象是人的思维、自然语言种种,“作为计算的逻辑”则是将计算机作为信息处理的主体,研究的是计算机的处理方式以及人与计算机的互动关系。
[Abstract]:The modern logic began with Leibniz and split between Boer and Frege, forming the so-called algebraic tradition of logic and the linguistic tradition of logic. Whether it is algebraic tradition or linguistic tradition, it is far from Leibniz's logic program (that is, "as the foundation of science, mathematics and philosophy"). In the Turing machine theory, Turing's core expounds the concepts of "automata" and "instruction list language", which agree well with Leibniz's conception of "rational calculus" and "universal language". Turing machine theory is closest to Leibniz's logic program, and it also breaks away from algebraic tradition and linguistic tradition, and forms a new "computational logic" tradition (also called "computational tradition"). In essence, "logic as calculation" is a kind of "subject turn", "past logic" is to take human beings as the main body, the object of study is human thinking, natural language and so on. "as the logic of calculation" is to take the computer as the main body of information processing, and to study the processing mode of computer and the interaction between human and computer.
【作者单位】：北京语言大学信息科学学院;中国社会科学院哲学所;
【分类号】：B81-0

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