马克思世界观的人本维度

发布时间：2018-01-19 04:22

本文关键词： 马克思世界观人本　出处：《辽宁大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：世界观是人们观察和理解世界的思想模式，是承载着终极存在、终极解释、终极价值的思想中的世界图景。对于世界图景的构建取决于观世界的角度和方式，“观”的方式不同则对“世界”知识体系的认知、解释、构建都不会相同。流行的大众哲学化的“世界观”概念涵义错综复杂，边界模糊不清且落后于现实，对世界观的解读基本是从本体论、阶级意志和理想憧憬的角度去论说。而哲学就是关于世界观的学问。那么，世界观就成为世界普遍规律和根本规律的一般观点，具有了认识论特点。传统的马克思主义哲学教科书中对世界观的定义也基本都是“对世界的总的看法和根本的观点”，在这里“世界观”被定位在主体对客体总规律的描述和发现，这种观点实际上是一种自然主义的或科学主义的世界观类型。而在学术界，对世界观的研究也多在形而上学视域中展开，人的维度没有获得足够的重视和应有的意义。同时，由于我国具体的意识形态情况，主流意识形态领域强调马克思主义与人道主义的清晰边界及其对立，也遮蔽了马克思世界观人本维度的彰显和社会化认同，而这就需要我们从马克思哲学本身出发来从新的角度对世界观概念进行再理解。马克思毕生致力于对人的问题的研究，可以说，“人”的概念贯穿于马克思哲学理论创建的全部过程，，对于马克思世界观的思想亦是如此。马克思在用新世界观寻求人的活动的意义时，是从人本身活动的价值角度出发的，并以此为理论基础，试图改变现存的诸多关于人与世界关系的回答，进而做出带有他自己特色的关于人的现实存在的科学的、历史的回答。马克思用其独到的角度阐述了人与世界的关系，对人的生存和发展现状进行了系统的分析，用实践来解释人与世界的关系，用一切社会关系的总和来解释人的本质，把人放在支配的核心地位。在这里，马克思消除了曾经被当作绝对的真理的观念，把运动、变化、发展引入人的生存和发展的过程之中。本文的特色及创新之处在于不遵从教科书世界观的定义，认为马克思的世界观指的是思想中的世界图景，指出普遍流行的世界观的缺憾之处，以崭新的人本维度解读马克思的世界观思想。马克思关于世界图景的思想，一方面受到费尔巴哈的人本学唯物主义影响，将世界视为人本的世界，即由人的实践活动而生成的人化的自然界和人类社会历史的统一；另一方面，受到了黑格尔辩证法的影响，视这一世界总体为生机勃勃的辩证图景和辩证结构。具体说来，马克思思想中的世界图景是为人而存在、由人的观念所表征、由人的实践所创生的人本的世界。马克思的新世界观看到了传统哲学世界观中存在的缺陷，对其进行发展，为现代哲学的新征程开辟了道路。关于世界观的研究，国内外虽具有不同的论述角度和风格，却具有共同的特征，即众说纷纭，因此也尚无所有人都接受的定义。本文只是从人本维度的视角出发，把世界观作为“思想中的世界图景”，对马克思的世界观进行探讨，以期拨开遮蔽马克思世界观人本性的迷雾，打开马克思人本维度世界观看世界的视角。这将有利于我们用更宽广的眼界观察世界，用更加充满人文情怀的方法来建设和谐社会、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦乃至解决时代提出的各种问题。
[Abstract]:View of the world is to observe and understand the world mode of thought, is carrying the ultimate existence, the ultimate explanation, the ultimate value of world thought. In the picture of the world depends on the construction of the world view angle and the way of "view" in different ways to the "world" system of knowledge, cognition, interpretation, construction not the same.
Popular philosophy of "world view" concept boundary vague and perplexing, behind reality, interpretation of world view is from ontology, the class will and ideal vision perspective to discourse. And philosophy is the learning about the world. So, the general view of world view has become the world's universal law and basic the law, with the epistemological characteristics. Marx philosophy textbook in the traditional definition of world outlook is also basically "on the views of the world's total and fundamental point of view," here "world view" is positioned on the subject to the object of general description and discovery, this view is actually a type of world outlook a kind of naturalism or scientism. In academia, research on world outlook are in view of metaphysics, one dimension did not get enough attention and its significance. At the same time, due to China's ideology of the specific situation of the mainstream ideology emphasizes Marx doctrine and humanism clear boundary and its opposite, also covered the Marx world view the dimensions and highlight the social identity, and this requires us to proceed from the Marx philosophy for a re understanding of the world concept from a new perspective.
Research, Marx devoted himself to the problem of human can be said that the concept of "human" runs through the whole process of Marx's philosophical theory to create, for the view of Marx thought is also true. Marx in seeking human activities with the new world view meaning, starting from the perspective of human values of the activities. And, based on this theory, trying to change a lot about the relationship between man and the world to answer existing, and then make exists with his own characteristic about the reality of human science, history of the answer. Marx with his unique perspective of the relationship between man and the world, the system analysis of the survival and development status of the practice to explain the relationship between man and the world, with the sum of all social relations to explain the essence of man, put people in the core dominance. Here, Marx eliminated were used as absolute The concept of truth brings the movement, change and development into the process of human existence and development.
The characteristic and innovation of this article is not following the definition of the world outlook of the textbook. Marx's world view refers to the world picture in his mind. He points out the shortcomings of the popular world view and interprets Marx's world outlook in a new human dimension.
Marx thought on the vision of the world, on the one hand, by Feuerbach's humanistic materialism will influence the world as the world people, from people's practice activity generated by the human nature and human social and historical unity; on the other hand, influenced by Hagel dialectics, dialectical view of this view the whole world is full of vigour and dialectical structure. Specifically, Marx thought in the world exists for people, which is characterized by the human concept, created by man's practice of the people of this world. Marx's new world to watch the defects of the traditional philosophical view of the world that exist in the development of the that paved the way for a new journey of modern philosophy.
Study on the world outlook, although with different angles and styles, but has the common characteristics, namely it has no defined Public opinions are divergent., all accept. This is just starting from this perspective, the world outlook as "thought in the map of the world scene", on Marx's view of the world in order to explore, through the view of the human nature of the fog covered Marx world, Marx opened the human dimension world view from the perspective of the world. This will be helpful for us to observe the world with a broader vision, with more full of human feelings to build a harmonious society, realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream and solve the era of Chinese all kinds of problems.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：A811

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