马克思与马尔库塞的生态思想比较研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 17:01

本文关键词： 马克思马尔库塞生态思想资本主义　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：20世纪以来，随着科学技术的迅猛发展，工业化进程的不断加快，生态问题已经从发达资本主义国家开始蔓延至更多的国家和地区，逐渐从区域性的环境污染引发为全球性的环境问题和生态危机。伴随着改革开放的步伐,中国的经济得到了高速的增长,但是在实现经济发展的同时,中国的生态环境也付出了日益恶化的沉重代价。生态危机，不仅仅是人类生存环境的日益恶化，更是一种有关社会政治、制度和结构的社会危机。日益严峻的生态问题，，不仅造成了环境的恶化，威胁人类的生存和发展，更加成为了危害人民身体健康、制约经济和社会发展的重要因素。面对日益严峻的生态问题，不同国家的学者和思想家从多种不同的理论方向对生态问题进行了分析和阐述。西方马克思主义的代表人物之一，生态学马克思主义的理论先驱马尔库塞看到了资本主义制度与生态危机之间的必然联系，在继承马克思生态思想的基础上，对资本主义社会的生态危机做了重新思考。马尔库塞的生态思想不仅影响了后来的生态学马克思主义，更为西方马克思主义未来的发展打下了坚实的基础。本文立足于马克思主义理论的基本立场，比较分析了马克思与马尔库塞关于生态思想的相同点与不同点，联系两者的历史关联以及各自生态思想在社会发展中的作用，通过比较研究得出了马克思的生态思想是马尔库塞生态思想的重要资源和理论前提。马克思的生态思想率先将生态问题与社会问题相联系，认为生态危机是由资本主义制度造成的；而马尔库塞的生态思想则从消费异化和科学技术异化的角度阐述了资本主义制度与生态危机之间的关系，为我们进一步阐释马克思的生态思想提供了可资借鉴的内容和重要的理论参照。马克思与马尔库塞生态思想之间存在着明显的差异，但是两者之间也有许多共同之处。本文认为，在现代哲学语境下，马克思与马尔库塞的生态思想具有极大的交融可能性，通过分析它们各自的理论内涵及缺陷，本文在肯定其价值合理性内容的基础上，取长补短，融会一体，最终形成了适合中国国情的马克思主义生态思想。本文针对马克思与马尔库塞生态思想的研究不仅丰富和拓展了当代中国马克思主义的研究领域，还丰富和指导了中国特色生态思想的理论研究，推动了我国生态经济和生态文明的建设。
[Abstract]:Since 20th century, with the rapid development of science and technology and the accelerating process of industrialization, ecological problems have spread from developed capitalist countries to more countries and regions. With the pace of reform and opening to the outside world, China's economy has been growing at a high speed, but at the same time, it has achieved economic development. The ecological environment in China has also paid a heavy price for its worsening. The ecological crisis, not only the worsening of the human living environment, but also a social crisis related to social politics, institutions and structures, is an increasingly serious ecological problem. It not only causes the deterioration of the environment, threatens the survival and development of human beings, but also becomes an important factor that endangers the health of the people and restricts the economic and social development. In the face of increasingly serious ecological problems, scholars and thinkers from different countries have analyzed and expounded ecological problems from many different theoretical directions. Marcuse, the forerunner of ecological Marxism, saw the inevitable connection between capitalist system and ecological crisis, on the basis of inheriting Marx's ecological thought. The ecological crisis of capitalist society was reconsidered. Marcuse's ecological thought not only influenced the ecological Marxism but also laid a solid foundation for the future development of western Marxism. Based on the basic standpoint of Marxist theory, this paper compares and analyzes the similarities and differences of Marx and Marcuse's ecological thoughts, and the historical connection between them and the function of their ecological thoughts in the social development. Through comparative study, it is concluded that Marx's ecological thought is the important resource and theoretical premise of Marcuse's ecological thought. Marx's ecological thought takes the lead in linking ecological problems with social problems. It is believed that the ecological crisis is caused by the capitalist system, while Marcuse's ecological thought expounds the relationship between the capitalist system and the ecological crisis from the perspective of consumption alienation and scientific and technological alienation. It provides us with reference content and important theoretical reference to further explain Marx's ecological thought. There are obvious differences between Marx and Marcuse's ecological thought. However, there are many things in common between them. This paper holds that in the context of modern philosophy, Marx and Marcuse's ecological thoughts have great possibility of blending, and by analyzing their respective theoretical connotations and defects, On the basis of affirming the reasonable content of its value, this paper draws on each other's weaknesses and integrates them into one. Finally, a Marxist ecological thought suitable for China's national conditions was formed. The study of Marx and Marcuse's ecological thought not only enriches and expands the research field of contemporary Chinese Marxism, It also enriches and guides the theoretical study of ecological thought with Chinese characteristics and promotes the construction of ecological economy and ecological civilization in China.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811;B089.1;X2

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