马克思资本理论与社会主义市场经济

发布时间：2018-03-02 17:20

本文选题：马克思　切入点：资本理论　出处：《苏州大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文通过对社会主义市场经济体制下，资本的发展历程回顾和关于资本观念变迁的描述，揭示了资本作为一个重要的理论范畴，具有多重的性格特征，通过对马克思资本理论的梳理、学习、探析与借鉴，尝试性的阐述社会主义市场经济条件下，资本所具有的属性，并以此探寻社会主义市场经济体制下，发展资本的路径选择。发展资本与社会主义市场经济间存在悖论。一方面，资本是发展生产力的最具魔力的载体，促进了社会财富的涌流，，为人的全面发展创造了条件。另一方面，资本作为一种生产要素，并不意味着改变了资本的本性，并不意味着消除了资本所固有的逻辑。片面的把资本作用加以夸大，认为资本不仅是解决经济发展而且是解决一切社会发展的最高原则，导致资本的滥用，由此产生了一系列社会问题。由此提出对待资本要有科学的认识，需要全面地深入地研究马克思资本理论，为解决这一现实问题和理论问题提供“钥匙”。在马克思看来，资本的产生是一种历史现象，商品流通是资本的起点，劳动力成为商品意味着资本由可能成为现实。资本作为自行增殖的价值形式，在不同的时期、不同的阶段和不同的领域具有不同的形态。随着市场经济的发展，资本形态发生着从传统到现代多样性的嬗变，资本形态与不同发展水平的社会生产力相适应，反映了资本人格化的不同要求。资本具有自然属性和社会属性。就资本的自然属性而言，资本是商品生产的产物，是财富，是人类劳动的积累；资本是特殊形式的商品，是生产要素；资本是自行增殖的价值，这是资本最一般形式的规定；资本具有运动性、竞争性。资本的社会属性是指资本作为一种特殊的存在，与社会制度相联系的根本属性。资本是一种生产关系，是一种权力。马克思对资本研究和资本批判的核心是透视资本的逻辑本性，在理论逻辑上指明资本发展的趋势。这为我们确立了在社会主义市场经济下对资本应有的观念与态度。回顾社会主义建设过程中，对资本的认识与发展是截然不同的。在计划经济时代，对资本基本是持否定的态度。改革开放以来，人们对资本的态度发生了颠覆性的变化。实践证明，资本化运动是推动社会主义市场经济发展的核心动力。在资本发展的过程中伴随着新自由主义思潮在全球蔓延泛滥，新自由主义思潮对资本的利用有着广泛的影响，应用辩证眼光看待新自由主义思潮。社会主义市场经济的确立过程可以分为三个阶段；随着社会的发展，社会主义市场经济的基本特征应再认识。在社会主义市场经济中，资本的表现形态可以分为物质资本、虚拟资本、人力资本和社会资本等。追求资本的高效运营，是社会主义市场经济发展的重要手段。在社会主义市场经济中，资本具有历史的特殊性质和复杂特征。资本一般和资本特殊是我们正确认识资本属性的根本出发点。对于社会主义市场经济下资本发展的路径选择。本文从七个方面进行了尝试性分析，提出在社会主义市场经济下应保持资本发展与人之间的张力，追求人的目的性的价值理念，消除人的发展异化与物化。应保持资本增值与劳动者利益的合理张力，促进社会的和谐发展。坚持按劳分配的主体原则，缩小社会收入的两极分化。消除资本过度扩张导致的生态恶化，调适人与自然的协调发展。坚持公有制经济的主体地位需要完善国有资本的发展，把国有资本的增值性与正外部性相结合。规范资本发展，制约公共权力的异化。完善社会保障制度，实现社会公平发展。
[Abstract]:Based on the socialist market economic system, the change of the concept of capital on review and describe the development process of capital, reveals the capital as an important theoretical category, has the character of multiple, according to Marx capital theory, study, analysis and reference, tries to elaborate the condition of socialist market economy, property with capital, and tries to explore the socialist market economic system, the development path choice of capital.
There is a paradox in the development of the capital and the socialist market economy. On the one hand, capital is the carrier of the most magical development of productive forces, promote the social wealth flow, creating conditions for the all-round development of the people. On the other hand, capital as a factor of production, does not mean that changed the nature of capital, does not mean that to eliminate the inherent logic of capital. The capital function one-sided exaggerated, that capital is not only to solve the economic development and is the highest principle to solve all the social development, resulting in capital abuse, resulting in a series of social problems. This paper treats the capital to have a scientific understanding of the need to further study of Marx the theory of capital, provide a "key" to solve the realistic and theoretical problems.
In Marx's view, capital is a historical phenomenon, the circulation of commodities is the starting point of capital and labor as a commodity by means of capital may become a reality. As a form of value to the proliferation of capital, in different periods have different forms in different stages and different areas. With the development of market economy, capital form place to the modern evolution diversity from the traditional form of capital, with different levels of development of social productive forces to adapt, reflects the different requirements of capital personalization. Capital has natural and social attribute. The natural attributes of capital, capital is the product of commodity production, is the wealth, is the accumulation of human labor; capital is a special form of commodity, is a factor of production; capital is self expanding value, this is the most general form of the provisions of the capital; capital has the competitive sports, social capital. Attribute refers to the capital as a special existence, fundamental properties associated with the social system. The capital is a kind of relations of production, is a kind of power. The core of Marx capital research and criticism of capital is the logical nature of capital perspective, that capital development in theory. This is the trend we have established under the socialist market economy to the capital concept and attitude.
Review the process of socialist construction, is the opposite of the understanding and development of the capital. In the era of the planned economy, the capital is basically negative attitude. Since the reform and opening up, people changed subversive to the attitude of the capital. The practice shows that the capital movement is the core power to promote the development of socialist market economy in the process. The development of the capital with the new liberalism in the world spread, has a broad impact by the new liberalism of the capital, the application of dialectical view of the new liberalism.
The process of establishing the socialist market economy can be divided into three stages; with the development of society, should understand the basic features of the socialist market economy. In the socialist market economy, capital forms can be divided into material capital, virtual capital, human capital and social capital. The efficient operation of the pursuit of capital, is an important means of development the socialist market economy. In the socialist market economy, the special nature and complex characteristics of capital has a history. The capital and capital is the basic starting point for our correct understanding of capital property.
For the path of capital under the development of socialist market economy. This paper makes a tentative analysis from seven aspects, we should keep between development and human capital tension under the socialist market economy, the value concept of the pursuit of the objective, to eliminate alienation and person's development. Reasonable tension keep capital appreciation and workers interests, promote the harmonious development of the society. According to principle of subject distribution, reduce social income polarization. Eliminate excessive expansion led to the deterioration of the ecological capital, the coordinated development of the adjustment of human and nature. Adhere to the dominant position of public ownership economy to improve the development of state-owned capital, the value and positive externality of state-owned capital the combination of norms. Capital development, alienation of public power. The improvement of the social security system, the realization of social justice.

【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811;F123.9

【引证文献】