马克思主义实践的生态正义研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 01:09

本文选题：马克思主义　切入点：生态正义　出处：《西北大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生态正义的概念是生态学和伦理学在关注现实生态问题过程中所出现的。马克思主义实践的生态正义研究,以马克思主义哲学作为研究视角,以生态正义相关理论的历史流变、马克思主义自然观和当代中国生态文明建设理论作为研究对象,以文献研究、多学科交叉研究、比较研究和辩证研究作为研究方法,得出了“生态正义具有主体能动性、对象客观性和社会历史性三个规定性”、“自然权利的实质是人的权利”和“生态正义与当代中国生态文明建设在理论和实践上是共通的”等主要结论。生态正义是一个比较新的概念,但在中国儒家、道家和佛家的自然观中,早就有着“天人合一”、“道法自然”和“众生平等”的种种思考；古希腊哲人的自然观、中世纪宗教神学自然观、西方近代自然观和现代生态伦理思想中,也都蕴含了思想家们大量的对人与自然关系的思考。这些思考在其所处的那个时代产生了巨大的影响,但同时,它们又深受那个时代历史的局限。马克思主义的正义观是以“现实的人”及人的全面发展为出发点和落脚点的正义观。而在实践唯物主义的体系下,马克思主义的自然观在本体论上明确了人的对象性和自然的属人性,在价值论上强调了自然的对象性价值,在历史观上突出了历史的人和历史的自然。因此,马克思主义正义观和自然观指导下的生态正义,即马克思主义实践的生态正义,它是以“现实的人”为出发点,强调人与自然的对象性关系,肯定自然的权利(实质是人的权利),注重“人的自然”和“自然的人”之间的统一,从而构建起的一套人呵护自然的逻辑。马克思主义实践的生态正义具备主体能动性、对象客观性和社会历史性的三个方面的规定。它所规定的主体——“现实的人”,区别于非人类中心主义的“自然人”和人类中心主义的“理性人”；它所规定的客体——对象性的自然,在价值论上区别于非人类中心主义的“内在价值论”和人类中心主义的“工具价值论”；它所规定的自然和历史,不同于非人类中心主义那种抽象的、静止的、非历史主义的自然。这三个方面的规定性完成了生态正义所主张的人呵护自然的逻辑的应然性和必然性,并强调自然的解放与人的解放相统一。由人的对象性活动对自然价值所完成的主体性赋予和客观性预设,决定了自然具备了被纳入到伦理关系或道德共同体的资质,进而自然的权利就是可能的。自然是“人的自然”,那么自然的权利在本质上也就是人的权利。受到自然规律的限制,自然权利的实践必须坚持“有所作为”与“有所不为”的统一。中国的社会主义生态文明建设是生态正义的中国实践,这主要在于生态正义和生态文明是共通的,生态正义的实践与社会主义的制度是契合的。中国的社会主义生态文明建设坚持全面协调可持续的总体思路和方法,强调用制度保护生态环境,这都突出表现了生态正义和中国社会主义生态文明建设之间的迎合与互动关系。加快推进中国社会主义生态文明建设,有必要在马克思主义的指导下,强化人呵护自然的自觉性,本论文关于生态正义的论述能够为人们保护自然环境的伦理自觉提供一些思考。
[Abstract]:The concept of ecological justice is in the process of attention to realistic ecological problems in ecology and ethics. The research on Marx s ecological justice practice, in Marx's philosophy as a research perspective, the historical evolution of ecological justice theory, Marx's view of nature and contemporary ecological civilization construction China theory as the research object, using literature research, multi the cross disciplinary research, comparative research and dialectical research as the research method, the ecological justice is of subjectivity, objectivity and object of social history of the three regulations "," the essence of natural rights is human rights "and" ecological justice and ecological civilization construction of contemporary Chinese in theory and practice is the main conclusion in common "and so on.
The ecological justice is a relatively new concept, but in Chinese Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism in the view of nature, already has a "harmony", "nature" and "thoughts of equality"; the natural view of the ancient Greek philosopher, medieval religious theology natural view, the western view of nature and modern ecological ethics, also contains a large number of thinkers on the relationship between man and nature thoughts. These thoughts had a huge impact, at that time the place but at the same time, they are the historical limitations.
Marx's view of justice is the all-round development of people and the real man "as the starting point and end point of view of justice. In the practical materialism system, Marx's view of nature made it clear that the object of natural and human nature in the ontology, the value theory emphasizes the object of the value of nature, in the view of history highlights the history of the people and the history of nature. Therefore, Marx's concept of justice and justice under the guidance of the ecological view of nature, ecological justice Marx's practice, it is a" real man "as the starting point, emphasizes that the object of the relationship between man and nature, nature must right (is the essence of human rights), unity between the focus on" human nature "and" natural person ", thus forming a set of natural logic built people care.
The ecological justice Marx's practice with subjectivity, objectivity and object of social history of three aspects of the provisions. It provides subject -- "real people", different from the non anthropocentrism "natural person" and human centralism "rational person"; it provides natural object the object, the value theory is different from the non anthropocentrism "intrinsic value" theory and anthropocentrism "instrumental value theory"; it stipulates the nature and history, different from the non anthropocentrism to the abstract, static, non historical nature. These three aspects of the regulations to carry out the necessity and inevitability of ecological justice advocated by the people taking care of the natural logic, and emphasizes the liberation and human nature of the liberation of unity.
The subject of object by human activities on the natural value of the given determines the nature and objectivity of presupposition, have been incorporated into the ethical relationship or moral qualification, and natural rights is possible. Nature is "human nature", so natural rights in essence is human rights. By the laws of nature, natural rights unification practice must adhere to the "action" and "Inaction".
Chinese practice of building a socialist ecological civilization is Chinese ecological justice, this is the main ecological justice and ecological civilization is a common practice, and the socialist ecological justice system is fit. The building of a socialist ecological civilization China adhere to the comprehensive coordination overall train of thought and method of sustainable development, emphasizing the use of the system to protect the ecological environment, the outstanding performance the relationship between ecological justice and China cater to the construction of socialist ecological civilization and interaction. China to accelerate the construction of socialist ecological civilization, it is necessary in the Marx doctrine under the guidance of strengthening awareness of people care of nature, this paper discusses about the ecological justice and to protect the natural environment ethics people consciously provide some thoughts.

【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：A811;X2

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