邓小平民主集中制思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 14:13

  本文选题：邓小平　切入点：民主集中制　出处：《陕西师范大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：民主集中制是中国共产党的根本组织制度与领导制度,是党领导革命、建设和改革实践经验的制度结晶,是对马克思、恩格斯、列宁民主集中制思想的继承与发展。历史经验表明,党与国家的前途命运直接取决于民主集中制贯彻执行的好坏。当民主集中制在实践中得到正确贯彻执行时,党的建设和党领导的事业就发展得比较顺利;当民主集中制遭到削弱和破坏时,党的建设和党领导的事业就会遭受严重挫折。因此,中国共产党历来非常重视民主集中制建设。任何一种思想的提出、形成与发展,都不是凭空产生的,都是在特定的历史背景下、在解决现实问题的过程中多方面因素共同促成的。邓小平民主集中制思想的形成与发展亦是如此,也有其深厚的理论渊源,有其特定的理论背景与发展轨迹。马克思主义经典作家的民主集中制思想,是邓小平民主集中制思想形成与发展的理论渊源;中国传统民本思想,是邓小平民主集中制思想形成与发展的文化传统;中国共产党践行民主集中制的经验教训,是邓小平民主集中制思想的形成与发展的历史根据;苏联及东欧的民主集中制实践,是邓小平民主集中制思想的形成与发展的政治鉴戒;邓小平的传奇人生与丰富经历,是其民主集中制思想形成与发展的重要经验来源。这些因素合力作用,促成了邓小平民主集中制思想形成与发展。邓小平的民主集中制思想的形成、发展与中国革命、建设、改革的历史进程紧密相联系。依据其内在的规律性,可将这一历史过程分为萌芽、孕育、形成与发展四个阶段。第一阶段从革命年代到党的第八次全国代表大会。这一时期,邓小平积极拥护毛泽东关于党的组织建设的正确主张,积极践行民主集中制,邓小平民主集中制思想开始萌芽。第二阶段从中共八大到十一届三中全会,是邓小平民主集中制思想的孕育阶段。由于党的主要领导人偏离了民主集中制,搞家长制和个人专断,最终将党与国家带入了"文化大革命"的悲惨境地,邓小平在这一时期也被下放劳动改造。但他并没有因此沉沦,而是在沉默中深刻反思过去实践中的失误以及"文化大革命"的起源与危害。这一对党的建设历史的反思,为后来邓小平将集体领导、制度建设、法制建设等内容纳入民主集中制思想体系打下了铺垫。第三阶段从十一届三中全会到党的十二大,邓小平民主集中制思想逐渐形成。针对"文化大革命"之后思想混乱的境况,邓小平根据解放思想、实事求是的精神,提出必须坚决同派性作斗争,必须恢复与健全民主集中制,必须加强党的组织纪律性,必须整党,必须客观评价毛泽东与毛泽东思想等一系列具体主张。邓小平民主集中制思想,在拨乱反正中逐渐得以形成。第四阶段从1982年党的十二大到1992年著名的南方谈话,邓小平民主集中制思想得到丰富与发展。这一时期,邓小平根据新的历史条件和时代特征提出,在社会主义市场经济条件下,党的领导制度的改革与民主集中制建设的加强仍然是非常必要且紧迫的。邓小平虽然没有关于民主集中制的专著,但具有丰富的民主集中制思想。这些思想散见于他的一系列重要讲话和谈话中,体现在他做出的许多重大决策和工作部署中。本文从思想内涵、理论基点、制度范导、价值目标等四个方面,对邓小平民主集中制思想进行了较为系统的梳理和较为深入的理论阐释。在科学阐释邓小平民主集中制思想的基本内涵、比较社会主义民主与资本主义民主的基础上,概括了邓小平关于民主与集中的辩证关系观;揭示了邓小平民主集中制思想确立的理论根基一一群众史观;论证了邓小平将民主集中制作为党和国家最根本制度的理论依据和制度范导;强调了邓小平将推进中国特色社会主义民主政治、维护人民当家作主作为民主集中制建设的最终价值目标。理论的价值在于实践。邓小平民主集中制思想的践行,主要从以下几个方面展开。首先,加强民主集中制教育。强调既要加强对全党的民主集中制系统教育,又要深入群众、了解国情,不断强化人民主体意识与忧患意识。他主张改变传统重灌输、重管控的教育方式,以润物细无声的说服教育、健康向上的舆论导向帮助、引导人民群众对民主集中制的科学认识,达到既充分发扬民主又有效集中、既充分享有民主自由又遵守党纪法规的民主氛围。其次,民主集中制在贯彻执行过程中,必须遵循"四个服从"原则、选举原则等六项基本原则。再次,邓小平针对过去民主集中制在实践中操作性不强的问题,提出了民主集中制制度化、法律化的发展方向与路径选择,强调从制度建设推进民主集中制的规范化,严肃党的纪律,加强党内外、同体异体的监督。最后,邓小平针对一度存在的中央领导乏力、组织涣散的问题,强调"中央要有权威"。必须坚决维护中央权威,要有意识地维护一个核心,要取信于民,要干出实绩。邓小平民主集中制思想具有问题意识、时代意识、开放意识的理论特质,既丰富与发展了马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想关于民主集中制的理论,又在改革实践中促进了我国民主集中制的恢复、扩大与完善。时代在进步,实践在发展,党的执政能力与执政水平面临着更加严峻的挑战。在全面从严治党的历史条件下,研究邓小平民主集中制思想的历史贡献,对于进一步健全和发展民主集中制具有重要的启示意义。
[Abstract]:The democratic centralism is the basic organization system and leadership system of the Communist Party of Chinese, the leadership of the party system revolution, construction and reform practice experience crystallization, of Marx and Engels, the inheritance and development of Lenin's democratic centralism thought. Historical experience shows that the party and the country the future fate depends directly on the implementation of democratic centralism is when. The implementation of democratic centralism correctly in practice, the construction of the party and the leadership of the party's cause will develop smoothly; when the democratic centralism was weakened and destroyed, the construction of the party and the Party leadership will cause serious setbacks. Therefore, Chinese Communist Party has always attached great importance to the construction of democratic centralism. Put forward any kind of thought and the formation and development are not baseless, are in the specific historical background, in the process of solving practical problems in many factors. So is the formation and development of Deng Xiaoping's democratic centralism thought also has its profound theoretical origin, has its specific theory background and development path of democratic centralism. Marx and Engels, is the theoretical sources of the formation and development of Deng Xiaoping's thought of democratic centralism; China the traditional thought of the people, is the formation and development of Deng Xiaoping's democracy the traditional cultural centralism; lessons China practice of democratic centralism is the Communist Party, the formation and development of Deng Xiaoping's democratic centralism thought according to the history of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe; the practice of democratic centralism, is the formation and development of Deng Xiaoping's democratic centralism thought political lessons; Deng Xiaoping's legendary life and rich experience, is an important source of experience and development the democratic centralism thought. The function of these factors, Deng Xiaoping contributed to the formation and development of democratic centralism The formation of Deng Xiaoping's democratic centralism thought, development and construction, Chinese revolution, the historical process of reform are closely related. On the basis of its internal law, can be divided into the historical process of germination, birth, formation and four development stages. The first stage from the revolution to the Eighth National Congress of the party. During this period, Deng Xiaoping actively supported the correct views of Mao Zedong on the construction of Party organizations, and actively practice democratic centralism, Deng Xiaoping's democratic centralism thought began to sprout. The second stage is from the Eighth Party Congress in the third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, Deng Xiao is pregnant stage. Because the main civilian centralism main party leaders from the democratic centralism, engage in patriarchal and individual arbitrariness, will the party and the country into a tragic situation of Cultural Revolution ", Deng Xiaoping in this period has also been sent to labor. But he did not perish, But in the silence a profound reflection in the practice of the past mistakes and the "Cultural Revolution" of the origin and harm. The reflection on the construction of the party's history, for the later Deng Xiaoping will be the collective leadership, system construction, legal construction and other content into the system of democratic centralism laid the groundwork. The third stage is from the third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee to the twelve party Deng Xiaoping, the democratic centralism thought gradually formed. For the situation of ideological confusion of the Cultural Revolution ", Deng Xiaoping to emancipate the mind, the spirit of seeking truth from facts, we must struggle against factionalism, must restore and improve democratic centralism, must strengthen the organization and discipline, the party must we must objectively evaluate Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong thought of a series of specific ideas. Deng Xiaoping's thought of democratic centralism, gradually formed in the bring order out of chaos. In the fourth stage from twelve to 1 1982 party 992 years of the famous southern talk, Deng Xiaoping's democratic centralism thought enriched and developed. During this period, Deng Xiaoping under the new historical conditions and the characteristics of the times, under the condition of socialist market economy, strengthen the reform of the system of Party leadership and democratic centralism construction is still very necessary and urgent. Although there is no Deng Xiaoping on democratic centralism the book, but with the democratic centralism thought rich. These ideas can be seen in his series of important speeches and conversations, reflected in his make many important decisions and arrangements. This article from the connotation, theoretical basis, system guide, four aspects of value target, the Democratic centralism thought of Deng Xiaoping systematic and in-depth theoretical explanation. The basic connotation of the scientific interpretation of Deng Xiaoping's democratic centralism thought, socialist democracy and comparison On the basis of capitalist democracy, summarizes Deng Xiaoping about the dialectical relationship between democracy and centralism; reveals Deng Xiaoping's democratic centralism thought establish the theoretical foundation of one masses history; the argument of Deng Xiaoping put democratic centralism of the party and the state is the most fundamental system of the theoretical basis and guidance system; emphasizing the Deng Xiaoping Chinese will promote socialist democracy the ultimate goal of safeguarding the people's value in power, as the construction of democratic centralism. The value of theory lies in the practice. The practice of Deng Xiaoping's democratic centralism thought, mainly from the following aspects. First, strengthen the education of democratic centralism. The emphasis is to strengthen the education system of democratic centralism of the party, but also the masses, understand the situation, strengthen the people's main body consciousness and suffering consciousness. He advocated to change the traditional heavy weight control indoctrination, education mode, to moisten things without Sound education and persuasion, to guide the public opinion to help guide people's understanding of the scientific and democratic centralism, to achieve full democracy and effective concentration, both enjoy full freedom and democracy and abide by the disciplinary regulations of the democratic atmosphere. Secondly, the democratic centralism in the implementation process, must follow the "four obedience" principle the six basic principles, principle of election. Once again, Deng Xiaoping in the past is not strong operational problems in the practice of democratic centralism, put forward the system of democratic centralism, the law of the development direction and path selection, the emphasis on promoting the standardization of democratic centralism from the system construction, strictly enforce Party discipline, strengthen the party inside and outside the body, allograft supervision. Finally, according to the central leadership of Deng Xiaoping there was weak, poorly organized, stressed that the central government must have authority. "We must resolutely safeguard the central authority, should consciously safeguard A core, to win the trust, to do a performance. Deng Xiaoping's thought of democratic centralism with problem consciousness, time consciousness, theoretical characteristics of open consciousness, not only enrich and develop the theory of Marx Lenin, Mao Zedong thought about democratic centralism, and promote China's democratic centralism recovery in the reform practice, expand and perfect in the era of progress. In practice, the development of the party's ruling ability and the ruling level are facing more serious challenges. In the comprehensive strictly historical conditions of Deng Xiaoping's democratic centralism thought the historical contribution has important significance for further improving and development of democratic centralism.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D262.11;A849
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本文编号：1579629