马克思人的需要本性概念的科学意义

发布时间：2018-03-17 20:53

本文选题：马克思　切入点：需要本性　出处：《理论探讨》2015年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：任何事物都有自己的本性,人也有人的本性。但是人的本性长期以来一直和人的本质与人性纠结在一起。马克思在自己哲学形成时期对这三个概念做了科学的区分:人的本质是指人与动物根本区别的自由的有意识的类特性,人性是指人从动物兽性中分化出来积淀起来的人之为人的一系列善良特性。人的本性只有一个,就是需要。人的需要本性作为人永不竭尽的渴望和动力,使人处在发展常态中,是人类历史的源头和起点。人类的需要历久弥新,呈现多样化的态势,要在需要及其满足中来理解历史。而整个历史如马克思所说,“也无非是人类本性的不断改变而已”。所以,要正确对待人的需要,要把“需要”看作激活生活和历史的一把钥匙,“需要”衰竭,社会就缺乏生机和活力,变成一潭死水。但同时也要对不合理的非正当需要加以遏制,在发展中不断地提升正当需要,满足长远需要。马克思的理想正是人类的未来将“在最无愧于和最适合于他们的人类本性的条件下”来生活和劳动。
[Abstract]:Everything has its own nature, Human nature is also human nature. But human nature has long been entangled with human nature and humanity. Marx made a scientific distinction between these three concepts during the formation of his own philosophy: the essence of human beings refers to human beings and animals. The radical distinction of the free and conscious nature of the class, Human nature refers to a series of kind-natures of human beings, which have been accumulated from animal animality. There is only one human nature, that is, need. Human need nature, as the desire and motive force of human beings, makes people in the normal state of development. It is the source and starting point of human history. The human needs are old and new, showing a variety of trends, to understand history in its need and satisfaction. And the whole history, as Marx said, "is nothing more than a constant change in human nature." In order to treat human needs correctly, we must regard "needs" as a key to activating life and history. When "needs" fail, the society lacks vitality and vitality and becomes a pool of stagnant water. At the same time, it is also necessary to contain unreasonable and illegitimate needs. Marx's ideal is that the future of mankind will live and work "under the most worthy and suitable conditions of human nature".
【作者单位】：黑龙江大学哲学学院;黑龙江大学马克思主义学院;
【分类号】：D

【相似文献】