马克思人的发展理论的中国化

发布时间：2018-03-28 20:41

本文选题：马克思　切入点：人的发展　出处：《江南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：立足于马克思恩格斯的原著，从横向角度对马克思人的发展理论的内涵进行分析和整合。指出马克思人的发展理论是以资本主义社会中人的不全面和不自由为逻辑起点，从现实中的人出发，通过缩短人的必要劳动时间获得更多自由。人的全面发展包括劳动能力的发展、社会关系的发展和自由个性的发展。发达的生产力、与生产力相适应的生产关系以及人的不断实践是达到全面而自由发展的前提条件。人的发展与社会发展过程应相辅相成，既要促进社会生产力的发展，又要在此基础上关注人的现实生活需要。立足于中国社会主义发展历史实践，从纵向角度对毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛及有关学者在他们自己所处的社会阶段，为推进人的全面而自由发展的实现做出的理论和实践创新，予以分析概括。中国特色社会主义建设过程就是实践和发展马克思人的发展理论的过程。人民民主专政的国家政权和以公有制为主体的社会主义生产关系的建立，，为人的发展创造了基础条件。改革开放的伟大实践不断改革生产关系和上层建筑中不适应生产力发展和人的发展的体制和环节，为人的发展提供了强劲动力。“三个代表”重要思想，明确了人的全面发展在社会主义社会中的重要地位和作用。“以人为本”、“全面协调可持续”的科学发展观，为人的发展指明了新的方向。立足于当代中国的现实，马克思所致力于解决的核心问题——人类的全面发展和自由解放问题，仍然是今天人们面临的不仅没有解决、甚至在某种程度上更趋严峻的问题。直面新形势下人的发展困境，存在的问题及原因主要有：经济发展的转向不到位导致“见物不见人”，生产力水平的欠发达制约着人的全面发展程度，政治建设的相对滞后限制着人的自由发展空间，文化建设的“信仰缺失”危害着人的精神世界，社会建设的突出矛盾削弱着人的生活质量，比如收入分配上“国强民弱”、贫富差距逐渐拉大、幸福感日益缺失等。通过对马克思人的发展理论的准确理解和认识，按照人的全面发展理论所要求的社会历史条件，将马克思人的发展理论与当代中国的现实实践紧密结合，提出要勇于解放思想变革观念，真正树立“以人为本”的发展导向；积极创造人的发展的经济条件，坚持和完善社会主义市场经济体制；大力推进政治文明建设，充分发挥人民群众的主体作用；努力满足人民群众的精神需求，着力建立社会主义核心价值体系；真正落实经济社会发展“以人为本”，切实保障人民群众的各项权益。在基本理念与指导思想上，要逐渐从“国富”转到“民富”，关注民本；从“效率”转到“公平”，关注民享；从“GDP”转到“幸福指数”，关注民生。
[Abstract]:Based on the original works of Marx and Engels, this paper analyzes and integrates the connotation of Marx's theory of human development from a horizontal point of view, and points out that Marx's theory of human development is based on the incomplete and unfree human beings in the capitalist society as the logical starting point. From the point of view of human beings, we can obtain more freedom by shortening the necessary working hours. The all-round development of human beings includes the development of labor ability, the development of social relations and the development of free personality. The relations of production and the continuous practice of human beings are the prerequisite for achieving comprehensive and free development. The development of human beings and the process of social development should complement each other and promote the development of social productive forces. On this basis, we should pay attention to the real life needs of people. Based on the historical practice of the development of socialism in China, and from a vertical point of view to Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Jiang Zemin, and relevant scholars in their own social stage, The theoretical and practical innovations made to promote the all-round and free development of human beings, The process of building socialism with Chinese characteristics is the process of practicing and developing Marx's theory of human development, the establishment of the state power under the people's democratic dictatorship and the establishment of socialist production relations dominated by public ownership. The great practice of reform and opening to the outside world has continuously reformed the systems and links in the production relations and superstructure that are not suitable for the development of productive forces and human development. The important thought of "three represents" makes clear the important position and function of man's all-round development in the socialist society, the scientific development view of "people-oriented" and "overall coordination and sustainable". It shows a new direction for human development. Based on the reality of contemporary China, Marx is committed to solving the core problem-the all-round development of mankind and the issue of freedom liberation, which people are facing today is not only unsolved, Even more serious problems to some extent. Facing the plight of human development under the new situation, The main problems and reasons are as follows: the lack of economic development leads to "seeing things and not seeing people", the underdevelopment of productive forces restricts the overall development of people, and the relative lag of political construction restricts people's free development space. The "lack of belief" in cultural construction endangers the spiritual world of human beings, and the prominent contradictions in social construction weaken the quality of life of people, such as income distribution, "the country is strong and the people are weak", the gap between the rich and the poor is gradually widening, and the happiness is increasingly lacking, and so on. Through an accurate understanding and understanding of Marx's theory of human development, and in accordance with the social and historical conditions required by the theory of all-round development of human beings, Marx's theory of human development is closely combined with the practical practice of contemporary China. We should be brave to emancipate our minds and reform our ideas, set up the development orientation of "people-oriented", actively create the economic conditions for human development, adhere to and improve the socialist market economic system, vigorously promote the construction of political civilization, Give full play to the main role of the people, strive to meet the spiritual needs of the masses, and strive to establish a socialist core value system; In the basic idea and guiding ideology, we should gradually change from "national wealth" to "people's wealth", from "efficiency" to "fairness" and pay attention to people's interests. From GDP to Happiness Index, focus on people's livelihood.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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