马克思主义文明理论研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 12:23

本文选题：文明　切入点：马克思主义文明理论　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：历史进入21世纪，世界多极化、经济全球化和文化多样化持续推进，不同文明之间的碰撞与交流呈现出前所未有的态势。当前，深入研究马克思主义文明理论，推动中国社会主义文明建设进步，是理论界不能回避的重要课题。通过对文明进程的历史考察可以看到，一方面，自人类步入现代社会以来，世界各主要国家通过文明理论创新，不仅积极促进了本国文明的进步，而且也客观上推动了人类文明的发展繁荣；另一方面，由于利益冲突、文化差异等因素制约，传统文明理论存在着一些历史局限性。虽然“文明循环论”、“历史终结论”、“文明冲突论”对西方社会乃至世界都产生了巨大影响，但是它们把对文明的探讨建立在抽象人性论、理性决定论甚至神创文明论的基础之上，陷入了唯心主义的泥淖之中。正是在思想方法、基本观点、逻辑体系等方面对人类传统文明理论逻辑的继承与超越，马克思主义文明理论才实现了人类文明思想史上的深刻变革和伟大飞跃。因此，立足于辩证唯物主义、历史唯物主义的理论基础，对马克思主义文明理论的产生、运用与发展进行系统的历史回顾和梳理，再现马克思主义文明理论发展史上的重要观点，进而真实展示马克思主义文明理论的概貌，，这对于我们科学对待各种文明理论，推进马克思主义文明理论的实践，具有重要的理论和现实意义。通过对人类文明思想史的考察可以清晰地看到，马克思主义文明理论在文明思想史上的突破创新，集中体现在以下几个方面：其一，在文明的本质内涵上，以全面和谐进步来界定文明，超越了主要从精神角度对文明所做的抽象理解；其二，在推动文明进步的方式上，强调劳动实践、阶级斗争和不同文明的交流融合，超越了唯心史观；其三，在文明进步的主体上，强调人民群众的历史主体作用，超越了英雄史观；其四，在文明的评价标准上，强调生产力和生产关系统一的标准，超越了片面追求物质财富增长的物质至上主义。以人类文明史及规律为研究对象，围绕“什么是文明、如何推进文明进步”、“谁来推动文明进步、如何发挥文明创造者的历史主体作用”、“如何评价文明、如何进行不同文明之间的交流”的基本问题，马克思主义文明理论形成了自身独特的逻辑体系。文明本质论、文明动力论和文明评价标准论是它的理论基石；人类文明进程的一般规律、世界主要地区和民族文明进程的特殊规律、人类文明进步基本方面的具体规律、中国社会主义文明建设的个别规律共同构成了它的主体框架；奴役文明与自主文明、私有制文明与公有制文明、物质文明与精神文明、世界文明与民族文明是它的四对基本范畴；主体文明、社会文明（广义的）、生态文明是它在实践领域的三个基本方面。马克思主义文明理论运用和完善了历史唯物主义、丰富和发展了马克思主义社会发展理论，对于当代中国文明建设实践具有重要指导作用：其一，坚持以马克思主义文明理论为指导，借鉴传统文明理论优秀成果；其二，坚持中国共产党的领导，发挥人民群众的主体作用；其三，坚持以经济建设为中心，推动文明全面进步；其四，坚持推动社会文明进步，提高人民文明素质。
[Abstract]:Entered the twenty-first Century, continue to promote world multipolarization, economic globalization and cultural diversity, interactions and exchanges between different civilizations showing a hitherto unknown situation. At present, in-depth study of Marx's theory of civilization, to promote the construction of socialist civilization China progress, is an important issue in the theory can not be avoided.
Based on the process of civilization history can be seen, on the one hand, since mankind entered the modern society, the main countries of the world civilization through theoretical innovation, not only actively promote their own civilization, but also an objective to promote the development and prosperity of human civilization; on the other hand, due to the conflict of interests, restricting the cultural differences and other factors, the traditional theory of civilization has some historical limitations. Although the "civilization cycle theory", "the end of history", "clash of Civilizations" have had a great influence on Western society and the world, but they put on the civilization based on the abstract theory of human nature, a rational decision on the basis of the above theory and even God created civilization. Caught in the quagmire of idealism. It is in the way of thinking, the basic point of view, the logic system of inheritance of traditional human civilization theory logic and Transcendence of Marx's civilization. The theory to realize the profound change in thinking on the history of human civilization and the great leap forward. Therefore, based on the basic theory of dialectical materialism, historical materialism, Marx's theory of civilization, the use of systematic reviewing and combing with the development history of the development of Marx's view of the important representation of civilization theory, and true show the overview of Marx's civilization theory, which for our science towards civilization theory, promote the practice of Marx's theory of civilization, has important theoretical and practical significance.
Through the investigation of the history of human civilization can be seen clearly, breakthrough and innovation of Marx's civilization theory in the history of civilization thought, embodied in the following aspects: first, the essence of civilization, to comprehensive and harmonious progress to define civilization beyond the abstract understanding mainly from the spiritual perspective of civilization do; second, in promoting the civilization and progress of the way, emphasizing the labor practice, class struggle and exchanges among different civilizations fusion, beyond the historical idealism; thirdly, the main progress of civilization, emphasizing the historical main body role of the masses, beyond the history of heroes; fourth, the evaluation standard of civilization, stressing unity the productivity and relations of production standards, beyond the one-sided pursuit of material wealth of materialism.
In the history of human civilization and law as the research object, focusing on "what is civilization, how to promote the progress of civilization", "who will promote the progress of civilization, civilization history of how to play the main role of the creator", "how to evaluate the civilization, the basic problem how to carry out the exchange among different civilizations", Marx's theory of civilization has formed its own unique the logic of the system. The essence of civilization, civilization and civilization on the dynamic evaluation standard theory is the theoretical basis of it; the general law of human civilization, the special law of main regions of the world and civilization process, specific law basic aspects of the progress of human civilization, the individual law Chinese socialist civilization construction constitute the main framework of it; slave civilization and independent civilization, private ownership and public ownership of civilization civilization, material civilization and spiritual civilization, the world civilization and civilization is its four The basic category; the subject civilization, the social civilization (in the broad sense), the ecological civilization is its three basic aspects in the field of practice.
Marx's civilization theory and historical materialism perfect, enrich and develop Marx's theory of social development, has an important guiding role for contemporary China civilization construction practice: first, adhere to the theory of Marx's civilization as a guide, from the traditional civilization theory of outstanding achievements; second, adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, play the main role the masses of the people; thirdly, focusing on economic construction, promoting the overall progress of civilization; fourth, to promote social progress and civilization, improve people's quality of civilization.

【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：A81;D61

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