马克思自然观及其当代价值研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 01:12

本文选题：马克思自然观 + 人与自然的关系　；参考：《赣南师范学院》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：人与自然的关系是人类的永恒主题。当代世界人为破坏生态环境日趋严重，而恶化的生态环境又反过来威胁着人类生存。人类有必要重新反思自己的生存方式，反思人与自然的关系。因此，本文致力于马克思自然观的研究，试图寻找到解决当代生态问题的钥匙，并为当今中国的生态文明建设提供智力支持。本文通过采用历史与逻辑相结合、文献阅读等研究方法。通过梳理，，笔者认为马克思是在对黑格尔客观唯心主义自然观和费尔巴哈人本学自然观的批判基础上，逐步建构形成了自己的自然观。其形成和发展过程大致经历了三个阶段：早期的孕育萌芽期、中期的建构形成期和晚期《资本论》中的完善深化期。马克思在自然观上实现哲学范式的转变主要体现在：他批判了一切唯心主义和以往的旧唯物主义脱离人的实践而抽象化自然的做法，而是确认实践是自在自然与人化自然分化与统一的基础，世界是人与自然统一的世界，扬弃了人与自然之间的二元对立。马克思自然观在整个马克思理论中占有重要地位，它奠定了唯物史观的基石，构成了剩余价值规律的基础，并且进一步拓展了共产主义理论。马克思自然观的基本特征有两点：一是以科学实践观为基础，二是辩证法贯穿其中。马克思在承认外部自然界的“优先地位”的同时，主要是站在实践的人的立场去看待统一的自然界，这种视域下的自然是“人化的、历史的和人类学的自然”。“生产的自然条件”思想与“物质变换”思想是马克思自然观的进一步完善和深化。马克思自然观所强调的“人与自然和谐统一关系”蕴含重要的生态学意义，因此对解决当代人类生态环境问题具有重要理论价值，它可以为当代正确认识人与自然关系提供方法指导，为当代人类的自然人化提供正确的价值取向。党的十七大报告提出要把生态文明建设融入全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标中，党的十八大报告又对生态文明建设作出了进一步部署，提出了建设美丽中国。马克思自然观的丰富生态思维理应在我国的生态文明建设的诸多方面中得到实践。
[Abstract]:The relationship between man and nature is the eternal theme of mankind.Man-made destruction of ecological environment is becoming more and more serious in the contemporary world, and the deterioration of ecological environment threatens the survival of human beings.It is necessary for human beings to rethink their way of life and the relationship between man and nature.Therefore, this paper is devoted to the study of Marx's view of nature, trying to find the key to solve the contemporary ecological problems, and to provide intellectual support for the construction of ecological civilization in China today.This paper adopts the research methods of combining history and logic, reading documents and so on.Through combing, the author thinks that Marx gradually constructed his own view of nature on the basis of criticizing Hegel's objective idealism and Feuerbach's humanistic view of nature.The process of its formation and development has undergone three stages: the early stage of germination, the intermediate stage of construction and the period of perfection and deepening in the late period of Capital.Marx realized the transformation of philosophical paradigm in the view of nature: he criticized all the idealism and the old materialism from the practice of man and abstracted nature.Practice is the foundation of the division and unification of nature and humanization, and the world is the world of unity between man and nature, which sublate the duality between man and nature.Marx's view of nature plays an important role in the whole Marxist theory. It lays the foundation of historical materialism, forms the basis of the law of surplus value, and further expands the theory of communism.There are two basic features of Marx's view of nature: one is based on scientific view of practice, the other is dialectics running through it.While recognizing the "priority" of the external nature, Marx regarded the unified nature mainly from the standpoint of the human being in practice, which means that the nature in this field is "humanized, historical and anthropological".The thought of "natural conditions of production" and "material transformation" is the further perfection and deepening of Marx's view of nature.The harmonious and unified relationship between man and nature "emphasized by Marx's view of nature has important ecological significance, so it has important theoretical value to solve the problem of contemporary human ecological environment."It can provide method guidance for the contemporary correct understanding of the relationship between man and nature, and provide correct value orientation for the naturalization of contemporary human beings.The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that the construction of ecological civilization should be integrated into the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. The report of the 18th National Congress of the Party made further arrangements for the construction of ecological civilization and proposed the building of a beautiful China.The rich ecological thinking of Marx's view of nature should be put into practice in many aspects of the construction of ecological civilization in China.
【学位授予单位】：赣南师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：A811

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