马克思与吉登斯：现代性社会理论的比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 20:54

本文选题：马克思 + 吉登斯　；参考：《西北大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在现代性社会理论的话语系统和思想范畴的框架下,比较马克思与吉登斯的现代性社会理论,其重要性在于其一,现代性是人类社会发展的必经阶段。目前,很多国家都正在经历着现代性时期,所以,进行现代性的研究不仅具有理论价值,而且更具有现实意义。其二,这两种理论代表了对现代性两种的不同解读,马克思现代性社会理论的最终目的是要求消除私有制,实现共产主义；而吉登斯的现代性社会理论只是要求对资本主义制度进行内在改良而不是彻底地取代。对两种理论进行对比研究,能使我们更深刻地认识现代社会发展的和谐模式和理性路径。本文从四个角度来比较马克思与吉登斯现代性社会理论。在社会特征角度下,马克思主张社会发展是断裂性与连续性的统一,而吉登斯则认为现代性具有断裂性的特征；深层的分歧在于,马克思认为实践需要主体与客体的相互作用,由此坚持社会发展是必然性与偶然性的辩证统一,而吉登斯则更为注重社会主体在实践上的作用,主张人类社会是随机性与偶然性的统一；马克思与吉登斯都看到了现代性的利与弊的双重性特征,在肯定现代性带来积极成果的同时也对现代性造成的后果给予了批判,并都坚持全球化的历史必然性。在社会制度角度下,马克思最主要从资本主义的一维视角去理解现代性制度的本质和发展,而吉登斯是从四个方面即资本主义、工业主义、监督机器以及军事力量分析了现代性的制度性。在社会变迁角度下,吉登斯不同意马克思的普遍性的社会变迁理论,即马克思认为社会的基本矛盾是社会发展的根本动力,阶级斗争是阶级社会发展的直接动力,而他提出了时——空分离、脱域、反思性是社会变迁的动力。在社会目标角度下,马克思提出了共产主义的目标,主张消除私有制,而吉登斯提出了乌托邦现实主义的目标,这一策略目的在于对资本主义进行内在改良,并不是要消除资本主义。总体说来,吉登斯的现代性社会理论结合其所处的时代条件,作出了独具特色的现代性社会理论的研究,突出了马克思主义学说的研究价值,但他的理论相比马克思来说,仍是有其局限性的。
[Abstract]:Under the framework of discourse system and ideological category of modern social theory, comparing Marx's and Giddens's modernity social theory, its importance lies in one of them, modernity is the necessary stage of human social development.At present, many countries are experiencing the modernity period, so the study of modernity has not only theoretical value, but also practical significance.Secondly, these two theories represent different interpretations of modernity. The ultimate goal of Marx's modernity social theory is to eliminate private ownership and realize communism.Giddens' modern social theory only requires the internal improvement of the capitalist system, not the complete replacement.A comparative study of the two theories can help us to understand the harmonious mode and rational path of the development of modern society.This article compares Marx and Giddens' modern social theory from four angles.From the angle of social characteristics, Marx holds that social development is the unity of rupture and continuity, while Giddens holds that modernity has the character of rupture. The deep difference lies in Marx's view that practice needs the interaction between subject and object.Therefore, it insists that social development is the dialectical unity of necessity and contingency, while Giddens pays more attention to the role of social subject in practice, and advocates that human society is the unity of randomness and contingency.Marx and Giddens both saw the dual features of the advantages and disadvantages of modernity, affirmed the positive results brought by modernity and criticized the consequences of modernity, and insisted on the historical inevitability of globalization.From the perspective of social system, Marx mainly understood the essence and development of modern system from the one-dimensional perspective of capitalism, and Giddens came from four aspects, namely capitalism, industrialism,The supervisory machine and military forces analyze the institutional nature of modernity.From the angle of social change, Giddens disagrees with Marx's universal theory of social change, that is, Marx thinks that the basic contradiction of society is the fundamental motive force of social development, and the class struggle is the direct motive force of class social development.He proposed that time-space separation, separation, reflection is the driving force of social change.From the angle of social goal, Marx put forward the goal of communism and advocated the elimination of private ownership, while Giddens put forward the goal of utopian realism, which is aimed at the intrinsic improvement of capitalism.It is not about eliminating capitalism.In general, Giddens' modern social theory combined with the conditions of his times has made a unique study of modern social theory, which highlights the research value of Marxist theory, but his theory is more valuable than Marx's.There are still limitations.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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