孙中山和谐思想及对构建社会主义和谐社会的启示

发布时间：2018-04-18 12:53

本文选题：孙中山 + 和谐思想　；参考：《齐齐哈尔大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：孙中山和谐思想产生于19世纪末20世纪初。当时帝国主义掀起了瓜分世界的狂潮，中国沦为了半殖民地半封建社会，内忧外患，危机四伏。如何拯救中国、建设中国、强大中国已成为有识之士不断的追寻和探索。政治上，清王朝封建统治腐朽没落，列强蚕食、军阀割据，起义战争此起彼伏，秩序混乱、政权崩溃。经济上，封建地主经济已严重束缚了生产力，资本主义经济初步发展，并显示了一定的力量，经济模式的转变已经启动。文化上，西方文明已涤荡中国，同传统文化产生强烈的碰撞，文化争锋已成为时代诉求。社会上，广大人民群众处在水深火热之中，饥寒交迫已无立锥之地，社会矛盾尖锐，问题十分突出。孙中山和谐思想正是对中国主要矛盾深刻认识的基础上产生的。本文从历史背景进行考量，洞悉其传统和谐思想之源，分析源于西方进步思想的出处，求证了孙中山和谐思想产生的必然。概括了孙中山和谐思想的内容，指出了对当今构建社会主义和谐社会的启示，也辩证指出孙中山和谐思想的时代局限和阶级局限。孙中山和谐思想内容涉及政治、经济、文化、社会四个方面。政治上，孙中山分析专制政治的矛盾根源，主张建立均权的和谐政治，从国家政权机构的设置“五权分立”到“权能分治”的民主，从政党政治的轮流执政到阶级“调和”，无不贯穿着均衡和谐的思想。经济上，孙中山针对生产力落后，经济无序发展，资本运营畸形，土地兼并严重等问题，主张“均富”的经济和谐，设计了“实业计划“和谐有序的发展战略，“节制资本”和“平均地权”使生产力要素能够和谐高效的按经济规律运行，从而推动经济的迅速发展。文化上，针对东西方文明的冲突，何为新时代主流的问题上，，主张兼收并蓄、融合出新，提倡和谐的新文化、新文明。社会上，针对人民生活困苦，社会发展紊乱等问题，提出了保障社会民生，建设生态环境的大同和谐社会模式。孙中山的和谐思想是中国和谐思想史发展的新里程，对中国作出了积极的历史贡献，对近现代社会产生了深远的影响，对社会主义和谐社会的构建仍有重要的启示价值，对和谐政治、和谐经济、和谐文化、和谐社会的深入发展仍有一定的参考意义。
[Abstract]:Sun Zhongshan's harmonious thought originated from the end of the 19 th century and the beginning of the 20 th century.Imperialism set off a frenzy to divide the world, and China became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society with internal and external troubles and perils.How to save China, build China, strong China has become a man of insight to pursue and explore.Politically, the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty decayed, the powers encroached, the warlords separated, the uprisings rose one after another, the order was chaotic, and the regime collapsed.Economically, the feudal landlord economy has seriously constrained the productive forces, the capitalist economy has developed initially, and has shown certain strength, and the transformation of the economic model has already started.In culture, the western civilization has swept over China, has had a strong collision with the traditional culture, and cultural contention has become the demand of the times.In the society, the masses are in the heat, hunger and cold have no place, social contradictions are sharp, the problem is very prominent.Sun Zhongshan's harmonious thought came into being on the basis of profound understanding of China's principal contradictions.This paper analyzes the origin of Sun Zhongshan's traditional harmonious thought from the historical background, analyzes the origin of the western progressive thought, and proves the necessity of Sun Zhongshan's harmonious thought.This paper summarizes the content of Sun Zhongshan's harmonious thought, points out the enlightenment to the construction of socialist harmonious society today, and dialectically points out the age limitation and class limitation of Sun Zhongshan's harmonious thought.Sun Zhongshan's harmonious ideology involves four aspects: politics, economy, culture and society.Politically, Sun Zhongshan analyzed the root causes of the contradictions in autocratic politics, and advocated the establishment of a harmonious politics of equal power, from the establishment of "five powers separate" to "power divided" democracy, from the rotation of party politics to class "reconciliation".All run through the thought of balance and harmony.Economically, aiming at the problems of backward productivity, disorderly economic development, abnormal capital operation and serious land annexation, Sun Zhongshan advocated the economic harmony of "even rich", and designed a harmonious and orderly development strategy of "industrial plan"."controlling capital" and "average land right" make the factors of productive forces run harmoniously and efficiently according to economic law, thus promoting the rapid development of economy.Culturally, in view of the conflict between eastern and western civilizations, what is the mainstream of the new era, we advocate the integration of new, harmonious new culture and new civilization.In the society, aiming at the problems of people's living difficulties and social development disorder, this paper puts forward a harmonious society model to protect the people's livelihood and build the ecological environment.Sun Zhongshan's harmonious thought is a new mileage in the history of China's harmonious thought, which has made positive historical contributions to China, has had a profound influence on the modern society, and still has important enlightening value for the construction of a harmonious socialist society.It still has some reference significance for the deep development of harmonious politics, harmonious economy, harmonious culture and harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：齐齐哈尔大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D61

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