马克思主义自然观及其当代意义

发布时间：2018-05-09 06:46

本文选题：马克思主义自然观 + 人与自然　；参考：《中共江苏省委党校》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：工业革命以来,随着科学技术的迅猛发展,人类实践能力空前提高,在对自然进行改造、对资源进行消耗的同时,一系列生态环境问题也接踵而来,并影响人类的可持续发展。马克思主义自然观正是在对这一时代问题的思考中产生的,它是马克思、恩格斯及其之后的马克思主义者关于自然界以及人与自然关系的基本观点。马克思主义自然观把人类与自然界看做是相互依赖、相互制约、相互和谐的统一体,对人与自然的关系作了深刻的分析与论述。马克思主义自然观的产生有着深厚的理论土壤,一方面,自然科学的发展为马克思主义自然观的诞生奠定了坚实的科学基础；另一方面,对黑格尔客观唯心主义自然观的积极扬弃和对费尔巴哈人本唯物主义自然观的辩证发展,为马克思主义自然观的诞生奠定了坚实的哲学基础。马克思主义自然观不是封闭的理论体系,而是由马克思、恩格斯创立,并随着实践的发展不断完善的科学体系。马克思主义自然观有着丰富而又深刻的内容。首先,它对人与自然的辩证关系作了重新界定,认为人与自然是以实践为中介的对立统一的关系,并且会随着社会历史的发展而不断变化,而要实现人与自然关系的和解,必然要实现人、自然、社会三者的有机统一；其次,它强调了自然生产力在生产力结构中的重要作用,并对社会生产力与自然生产力的辩证关系作出了全面的理解；最后,通过对资本主义生产方式的剖析,马克思主义自然观揭示了资本主义社会生态危机的根源。此外,在马克思主义自然观的影响下产生了生态学马克思主义,这是西方学者将马克思主义思想与现代生态学相结合以解决资本主义生态危机的理论尝试。生态学马克思主义与马克思主义自然观之间存在着内在逻辑性,在人与自然的关系问题上,二者都认为人与自然是有机统一的关系,并认为生态危机与资本主义制度存在着必然的联系,要解决生态危机其根本途径是变革资本主义制度。最后,马克思主义自然观对我国生态文明建设具有重要的指导意义。首先,它为正确处理人与自然关系提供了理论指导；其次,它为我国生态文明建设提供了实践指导；最后,它为我国生态文明体制改革提供了指导性构想。
[Abstract]:Since the Industrial Revolution, with the rapid development of science and technology, the human practical ability has been improved unprecedented. In the process of transforming nature and consuming resources, a series of ecological and environmental problems have been followed, which have affected the sustainable development of human beings. The Marxist view of nature came into being in the thinking of this time problem. It is the basic viewpoint of Marx Engels and his later Marxists about nature and the relationship between man and nature. Marxist view of nature regards human beings and nature as a unity of mutual dependence, mutual restriction and harmony, and makes a profound analysis and discussion on the relationship between man and nature. On the one hand, the development of natural science laid a solid scientific foundation for the birth of Marxist view of nature; on the other hand, The positive sublation of Hegel's objective idealistic view of nature and the dialectical development of Feuerbach's humanistic materialist view of nature have laid a solid philosophical foundation for the birth of Marxist view of nature. Marxist view of nature is not a closed theoretical system, but a scientific system founded by Marx and Engels and perfected with the development of practice. Marxist view of nature has rich and profound contents. First of all, it redefines the dialectical relationship between man and nature, and holds that the relationship between man and nature is a unity of opposites mediated by practice, and will change constantly with the development of social history. Secondly, it emphasizes the important role of natural productivity in the structure of productive forces, and makes a comprehensive understanding of the dialectical relationship between social productive forces and natural productive forces. Through the analysis of capitalist mode of production, Marxist view of nature reveals the root of ecological crisis in capitalist society. In addition, under the influence of Marxist view of nature, ecological Marxism has emerged, which is a theoretical attempt by western scholars to combine Marxist thought with modern ecology in order to solve the ecological crisis of capitalism. There is inherent logic between ecological Marxism and Marxist view of nature. On the issue of the relationship between man and nature, both of them think that man and nature are organic unified relations. It is believed that ecological crisis and capitalist system must be connected, and the fundamental way to solve the ecological crisis is to change the capitalist system. Finally, Marxist view of nature has important guiding significance to the construction of ecological civilization in China. First, it provides theoretical guidance for correctly handling the relationship between man and nature; secondly, it provides practical guidance for the construction of ecological civilization in China; finally, it provides a guiding idea for the reform of ecological civilization system in China.
【学位授予单位】：中共江苏省委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：A811

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