马克思的民生思想及其当代实践意义研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 12:14

  本文选题：马克思 + 民生思想　； 参考：《华东师范大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：民生是一个古老而常新的话题,关乎到人民群众生存发展的基本需求和根本权益。人只要生存就需要吃穿用住,就会有民生问题。随着时代发展,人们的生存条件和发展需求又会有新的变化和提高。它已从要求基本“温饱”转向“更好的生活”,从求“生存”的逻辑转向求“发展”的逻辑。当前,我国经济社会有了长足发展,民众生活水平得到较大改善,但民生问题不仅没有得到彻底解决,反而更加复杂和尖锐。要解决当下中国的民生问题,有必要追寻具有丰富人文关怀的马克思主义理论,深入挖掘和全面探讨马克思民生思想的基本内涵和本真精神,从中汲取中国民生建设所需要的理论资源,以为“中国梦”的实现奠定基础。论文在对已有研究梳理的基础上,首先对“民生”的主旨内涵进行了界定和分析,认为民生就是关于民众生存发展的基本需要的满足和根本权益的保障,其基本要求是“保障基本生存”,发展要求是“改善生活质量”,目的要求是“促进人的发展”。以此为据,论文从人的“生活条件”、“需要”和“利益”三个方面阐述了马克思思想语境中的民生含义,即民生就是人民群众通过生产实践实现自身的基本生活条件、满足生活需要以及得到利益保障的要求。在此基础上,论文围绕历史轨迹、内容指涉、理论发展、实践意义四个方面深入分析了马克思的民生思想及其当代价值。第一,马克思民生思想产生的历史轨迹。马克思民生思想的产生有其深刻的经济社会条件、实践基础与思想渊源。资本主义制度下工人阶级和广大劳动群众的生活贫困以及工人阶级为争取生存权的斗争运动,为马克思民生思想的产生提供了经济社会的条件和实践基础。同时,马克思的民生思想又是在批判地继承、吸收了古希腊哲学家的自然朴素民生观、启蒙思想家的自由主义民生观、德国古典哲学的理性人本民生观以及空想社会主义者的抽象理想民生观的基础上创立和发展起来的,经历了“理想主义”、“理性主义”和“唯物史观”等历史过程。第二,马克思民生思想的内容指涉。马克思民生思想是在唯物史观的基础上,以“现实的人”的需要为要义,以社会全面生产为保障,以实现利益合理分配为核心的完整思想体系。论文详细解读了马克思的民生思想,认为“现实的人”的需要是民生的要义,人的需要的客观性决定了民生的现实必要,需要的多样性决定了民生的丰富多样,需要的层级性决定了民生的持续发展。社会全面生产的统一是民生的保障,利益的合理分配是民生实现的核心内容。马克思深入资本主义社会现实,对资本主义民生状况进行批判,从资本主义私有制和资本逻辑两个方面揭露了资本主义民生困境产生的根源,并阐发未来理想民生的状况及实现。第三,马克思民生思想的当代理论发展。马克思民生思想具有发展性和开放性,在不同的时代、不同的国家,马克思的继承者们对马克思民生思想进行创新发展。以列宁为代表的俄国布尔什维克党首次在社会主义条件下探索民生问题,将民生建设提高到政治的战略高度,在社会主义建设中创造性地提出了“新经济政策”,从而有效地解决了改善民生与社会主义国家经济相结合的问题。以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党将人民当家作主作为解决民生问题的根本前提,将“全心全意为人民服务”作为解决民生问题的根本理念,将“革命战争—经济建设—民生工作”三位一体作为解决民生问题的重要方式。中国特色社会主义民生思想,将民生主体从“阶级利益”改变到“民众利益”,将民生内容从“生存型民生”改变到“发展型民生”,将民生实践从“革命”改变到“改革”。第四,马克思民生思想的当代实践意义。理论的价值意义在于指导实践,发现问题,解决问题。论文把握了理论与实际的结合,揭示了当前我国社会发展中民生问题及其主要表现,分析了当代中国社会民生问题的特征；从经济、政治、文化、社会、生态等五个方面阐述了当代民生问题的基本成因。在此基础上,提出了以马克思民生思想为指导解决当代中国社会民生问题的实践意义与理路。马克思民生思想对治国理政和政府职能转变、对以“保障和改善民生”为重点的社会建设、对群众路线的实施和弱势群体利益的维护以及全面改善民众生活质量和实现民众幸福的“中国梦”具有重要意义。当前,我们可以从物质经济发展、制度政治改革、精神文化支撑、社会基本保障、资源环境保护等理路解决当代中国民生问题。论文最后警示人们避免改善民生容易陷入的几个误区,即“过度消费主义”、“高福利陷阱”和“急功近利论”。
[Abstract]:People's livelihood is an old and often new topic, which concerns the basic needs and fundamental rights and interests of the people's survival and development. As long as the people need to live and live, they will have the livelihood of the people. With the development of the times, the living conditions and development needs of the people will be changed and improved. It has changed from the basic "food and clothing" to "better". "Life", from the logic of seeking "survival" to the logic of "development". At present, the economy and society of our country have made great progress, and the living standard of the people has been greatly improved, but the problem of people's livelihood has not been solved completely, but more complex and sharp. It is necessary to find a rich humanistic concern to solve the problems of the people's livelihood in the country at present. Marx's theory, deeply excavating and comprehensively exploring the basic connotation and true spirit of Marx's people's livelihood, draws the theoretical resources needed for the construction of the people's livelihood in China, and lays the foundation for the realization of the "Chinese dream". And the analysis is that the people's livelihood is the guarantee of the basic needs and fundamental rights and interests of the people's survival and development. The basic requirement is to "guarantee the basic survival". The development requirement is "improving the quality of life". The purpose is to "promote the development of people". The three aspects expounded the meaning of the people's livelihood in the context of Marx's thought, that is, the people's livelihood is the basic living conditions of the people to realize their own basic living conditions through production practice, to meet the needs of life and to obtain the requirements for the protection of interests. On this basis, the paper deeply analyzes the four aspects of the historical track, the content reference, the theoretical development and the practical significance. Marx's Thought on the people's livelihood and its contemporary value. First, the historical track of the people's livelihood thought of Marx. The emergence of Marx's livelihood thought has its profound economic and social conditions, practical foundation and ideological origin. The living poverty of the working class and the masses of the working people under the capitalist system and the struggle for the right to survive in the working class Movement provides the economic and social conditions and practical basis for the emergence of Marx's livelihood ideas. At the same time, Marx's people's livelihood ideas are critically inherited, absorbing the natural naive people's livelihood view of ancient Greek philosophers, enlightening thinkers' views on the people's livelihood of the people, the rational people's livelihood view of the ancient German philosophy and the mind of the empty society. On the basis of the abstract ideal of the people's livelihood, it has been founded and developed, and experienced the historical process of "idealism", "rationalism" and "materialist conception of history". Second, the content of Marx's people's livelihood thought refers to the content of the people's livelihood thought on the basis of historical materialism, with the need of "real man" as the essence, and the whole society. This paper detailedly interprets Marx's thought of the people's livelihood, thinks that the need of "real people" is the essential of the people's livelihood, the objectivity of human needs determines the reality of the people's livelihood, and the diversity of the needs determines the diversity of the people's livelihood and the hierarchy of needs. It determines the sustainable development of the people's livelihood. The unity of the overall social production is the guarantee of the livelihood of the people, and the rational distribution of the interests is the core content of the livelihood of the people. Marx criticized the capitalist social reality, and revealed the emergence of the capitalist people's livelihood dilemma from two aspects of capitalist private ownership and capital logic. The origin of the people's livelihood and the realization of the people's livelihood in the future. Third, Marx's thought of the people's livelihood of the contemporary theory. Marx's people's livelihood ideas are developed and open, in different times, different countries, Marx's successors to Marx's livelihood of the people's livelihood innovation. Lenin as the representative of the Russian Bull J Vic For the first time, the Party explored the livelihood of the people under the socialist conditions, raised the construction of the people's livelihood to the political strategic height, and creatively put forward the "new economic policy" in the socialist construction, thus effectively solving the problem of the combination of improving the people's livelihood and the socialist state economy. The Chinese Communist Party, represented by Mao Zedong, will be the people. As the fundamental premise of solving the people's livelihood problem, the family owner regards "serving the people wholeheartedly" as the fundamental idea to solve the people's livelihood problem, and takes the "revolutionary war economic construction and the people's livelihood" as an important way to solve the people's livelihood. The main meaning of the people's livelihood in the society with Chinese characteristics is the "class interests". "Change to the interests of the people", change the livelihood of the people's livelihood from "livelihood based livelihood" to "developing people's livelihood", and change the practice of people's livelihood from "revolution" to "reform". Fourth, the contemporary practical significance of Marx's people's livelihood thought. The value of theory is to guide practice, to present problems and to solve problems. It reveals the problems of the people's livelihood and its main manifestations in the current social development in China, analyzes the characteristics of the people's livelihood in contemporary China, and expounds the basic causes of the problems of the people's livelihood from five aspects of economy, politics, culture, society and ecology. On this basis, it proposes to solve the contemporary China with the guidance of the people's livelihood of Marx. The practical significance and rationale of the people's livelihood issues. Marx's people's livelihood thought changes the government and government functions and the social construction focusing on "ensuring and improving the livelihood of the people", the implementation of the mass line and the maintenance of the interests of the disadvantaged groups, and the "Chinese dream" to improve the quality of the people's life and realize the happiness of the people. At present, we can solve the problems of people's livelihood in contemporary China from material and economic development, institutional political reform, spiritual and cultural support, basic social security and resource and environment protection. At the end of the paper, we warn people to avoid several misunderstandings to improve people's livelihood, that is, "excessive consumerism", "high welfare trap" and "urgent work". The theory of near interest.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：A811;D61
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本文编号：1910056