恩格斯哲学思想发展轨迹四个节点

发布时间：2018-05-20 20:49

本文选题：恩格斯 + 生存环境　；参考：《南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2016年04期

【摘要】：恩格斯是马克思主义创始人之一,被誉为"第二提琴手"。恩格斯早期对工人阶级及其生存环境问题就存有人文关怀,并由此开始关注建构辩证自然观。学界把唯物史观创立完全归功于马克思,尤其是马恩对立论者认为马克思偏执于社会领域研究,恩格斯则偏执于自然领域研究,两人在哲学研究导向上是相互分离的。产生如此偏颇的原因主要是把两人在理论研究上的分工当成分家,错误地走向极端。马克思和恩格斯合著的经典著作《德意志意识形态》标志着唯物史观的创立。这表现在,唯物史观的前提是现实的个人和他们与自然的关系;新唯物主义历史观从直接生活的生产和再生产出发;而对生产力和交往形式的关系的考察是确立唯物史观的又一个重要节点等。随着唯物史观的确立,恩格斯把理论研究重点逐渐地转移到确立新自然观上来。而在确立新自然观之前,他先将目光投向了自然科学,对自然科学的发展进行了深入考察。这是因为在确立新自然观之前必须对旧自然观进行解构与扬弃。辩证自然观与辩证科学观的创立对于完善和发展马克思主义哲学意义深远。辩证自然观与辩证科学观是恩格斯的两个伟大发现。其辩证科学观是带领科学向前推进的导向航标,其辩证自然观则是引领人类走进生态视界的指路明灯。
[Abstract]:Engels is one of the founders of Marxism, known as the "second violinist." Engels had humanistic concern for the working class and its living environment in his early years, and began to pay attention to the construction of dialectical view of nature. The academic circles attribute the creation of historical materialism to Marx, especially to the theorists, who believe that Marx is bigoted in the field of society, while Engels is bigoted in the field of nature, and the two men are separated from each other in the direction of philosophical research. The reason for such bias is that the division of labor between the two men in theoretical research is regarded as a separation and goes to the extreme wrongly. Marx and Engels' classic German ideology marks the creation of historical materialism. This is manifested in that the premise of historical materialism is the realistic individuals and their relationship with nature, and the new materialist view of history starts from the production and reproduction of direct life. The study of the relationship between productive forces and forms of communication is another important node in the establishment of historical materialism. With the establishment of historical materialism, Engels gradually shifted the emphasis of theoretical research to the establishment of the new view of nature. Before the establishment of the new view of nature, he first looked at the natural science and made a thorough investigation of the development of the natural science. This is because before establishing the new view of nature, the old view of nature must be deconstructed and abandoned. The establishment of dialectical view of nature and dialectical view of science is of great significance to the perfection and development of Marxist philosophy. Dialectical view of nature and dialectical view of science are two great discoveries of Engels. Its view of dialectical science is the guide navigation mark to lead science forward, and its dialectical view of nature is the guiding light to guide mankind into the ecological horizon.
【作者单位】：内蒙古师范大学法政学院;内蒙古大学哲学学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目“生态哲学基本范畴研究”(11BZX029) 内蒙古大学生态哲学创新团队项目(121106-22)
【分类号】：A811

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