马克思历史观视野中的剥削问题

发布时间：2018-05-21 10:28

  本文选题：剥削与反剥削 + 必然性与合理性　； 参考：《中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2017年05期

【摘要】：私有制的产生与存在,所带来的一个必然现象是阶级压迫与阶级剥削,虽然不是任何私有制都必然导致剥削的产生,但可以确认的是,剥削的产生是与私有制的存在相联系的。对私有制与剥削的评价,自然是不同的阶级由于各自所处的社会地位不同,其评价也是不同的。一般说来,剥削阶级通常对剥削诉诸的是肯定与辩护,被剥削阶级诉诸的是否定与批判。马克思的历史观是如何看待剥削的?在许多人的思维认识中,似乎马克思的历史观对私有制与剥削现象无疑是采取否定与批判态度的,有人甚至将马克思主义视作是一种对私有制批判的理论,这是一种严重的误读。在马克思历史观的视野里,私有制与剥削的产生,虽然给被剥削阶级带来灾难,但它却是人类文明的一个必经阶段,不是所有的剥削都是正当或正义的,也不是所有的剥削都是非正义的,判断一种私有制与剥削方式正义与否,主要应看它是否具有必然性与现实性,当一种私有制与剥削形式具有历史必然性并能促进社会历史进步时,它是具有正当性的,只有当一种私有制与剥削形式丧失了历史必然性,并成为社会历史进步的障碍时,它也就丧失了存在的合理性与正当性。
[Abstract]:The emergence and existence of private ownership bring about an inevitable phenomenon: class oppression and class exploitation. Although not any private ownership necessarily leads to exploitation, it can be confirmed that the generation of exploitation is related to the existence of private ownership. The evaluation of private ownership and exploitation is naturally different for different classes because of their different social status. Generally speaking, exploitative classes usually resort to affirmation and justification for exploitation, while exploited classes resort to negation and criticism. How does Marx's view of history treat exploitation? In many people's thinking, it seems that Marx's view of history undoubtedly takes a negative and critical attitude towards the phenomenon of private ownership and exploitation, and some even regard Marxism as a theory of criticizing private ownership. This is a serious misreading. In Marx's view of history, the emergence of private ownership and exploitation has brought disaster to the exploited class, but it is a necessary stage of human civilization, and not all exploitation is just or just. Not all exploitation is unjust. To judge whether a form of private ownership and exploitation is just or not, one should mainly look at whether it has inevitability and reality. When a form of private ownership and exploitation has historical inevitability and can promote social and historical progress, it is legitimate, only when a form of private ownership and exploitation loses its historical inevitability and becomes an obstacle to social and historical progress. It also lost the rationality and legitimacy of existence.
【作者单位】： 华中师范大学马克思主义学院;
【分类号】：A81
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本文编号：1918831