马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的主体性思想探析

发布时间：2018-05-26 14:34

本文选题：马克思 + 主体　；参考：《山东大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：主体性思想是马克思历史唯物主义体系不可缺少的一部分,它对于科学的理解马克思关于社会发展的理论和“主—客体”实践辩证法有重要意义。《1844年经济学哲学手稿》一文是马克思早期的重要哲学著作之一,其中有丰富的主体性思想。自问世以来,《手稿》便受到一部分学者的大力追捧,这部分学者极力反对把马克思主义哲学理解为“见物不见人”的唯物主义思想；《手稿》也受到一部分学者的质疑,这些学者认为《手稿》尚处于马克思科学的历史唯物主义体系形成的前夕,其中的诸多思想是不成熟的。不管持有何种态度,《手稿》以其丰富的主体性思想为马克思主义理论的研究带来了新的血液,推动了对马克思主体性问题的探索。《1844年经济学哲学手稿》是马克思论述其主体性思想的重要文献。在这篇文章中马克思站在一个哲学、经济学、科学社会主义等多学科领域的高度上,对自己早期的哲学思想进行了清算,详细的阐述了人的主体性的实现及被剥夺的多个层次,并提出了主体性的超越问题,始终将对主体性问题的探讨与对社会发展问题的研究紧密联系起来,将对人的关注融入到现实的社会历史发展进程之中。研究并探索《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的主体性思想,不仅对于我国当下的社会实践有一定的指导意义,还有利于对马克思主义哲学理论进行丰富而系统性的研究。本文首先对马克思主体性思想的来源和形成背景进行了介绍,然后在梳理马克思主体性思想从产生到最终形成脉络的基础上,总结了马克思早期主体性思想形成的逻辑。文章主体部分以《1844年经济学哲学手稿》为基本文献,详细介绍了《手稿》中的主体性思想的内涵,形成机制及在异化劳动下主体性被剥夺的多个层次,并论述了马克思在《手稿》中所表达出的超越主体性的思想。本文旨在剖析和探索《手稿》中马克思主体性思想的具体内涵,以期对《手稿》中的主体性思想有一更深刻的认识,并明确认识《手稿》中的主体性思想对于马克思主义哲学理论研究和现实社会实践的重要价值。
[Abstract]:Subjectivity is an indispensable part of Marx's historical materialism. It is of great significance to understand Marx's theory of social development and "subject-object" practical dialectics. The manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844 is one of Marx's early important philosophical works, in which there are abundant subjective thoughts. Since its inception, manuscripts have been highly sought after by some scholars, who strongly oppose the materialistic idea that Marxist philosophy is understood as "seeing things without seeing people"; "manuscripts" have also been questioned by some scholars. These scholars believe that manuscripts are still on the eve of the formation of Marx's scientific historical materialism system, and many of their ideas are immature. No matter what attitude it holds, manuscript brings new blood to the study of Marxist theory with its abundant subjectivity thought, and promotes the exploration of Marx's subjectivity. The manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844 is an important document for Marx to discuss his thought of subjectivity. In this article, Marx stands at the height of philosophy, economics, scientific socialism and other multi-disciplinary fields, carries on the liquidation to his early philosophy thought, elaborated in detail the realization of human subjectivity and the multiple levels of deprivation. It also puts forward the transcendence of subjectivity, which always connects the discussion of subjectivity with the study of social development, and integrates the attention of human beings into the process of social and historical development. To study and explore the subjectivity thought in the manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844 not only has certain guiding significance for the present social practice of our country, but also is conducive to the rich and systematic study of Marxist philosophical theory. This paper first introduces the origin and background of Marx's subjectivity thought, and then summarizes the logic of Marx's early subjectivity thought on the basis of combing Marx's subjectivity thought from its origin to its final formation. The main part of the article takes the manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844 as the basic document, and introduces in detail the connotation of subjectivity thought, the formation mechanism and the deprivation of subjectivity under the alienation of labor. It also discusses Marx's idea of transcending subjectivity expressed in manuscripts. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and explore the concrete connotation of Marx's subjectivity thought in manuscript, in order to have a deeper understanding of the subjectivity thought in manuscript. It is also clear to understand the important value of subjectivity in manuscripts for the theoretical study of Marxist philosophy and the practical social practice.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：A811;B023

【参考文献】