列宁的小农改造思想研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 13:10

本文选题：列宁 + 小农　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：列宁在领导苏俄革命和建设的过程中，比较重视小农改造问题，并对改造小农的意义、原因、路径等问题进行了系统阐述，在此基础上形成了一个较为完整的小农改造思想。研究和借鉴这一思想，对当前我国培育新型农民、建设社会主义新农村具有重要的现实意义。论文共分为四部分：第一部分，概述了列宁小农改造思想的历史演变：十月革命前后，从美国式的资本主义方式逐渐转向社会主义大农业；战时共产主义政策时期，通过共耕制直接向共产主义过渡；新经济政策时期，保存和发展小农生产。第二部分，全面解读了列宁小农改造思想的基本内容。在这一部分，论文从三个方面就列宁小农改造思想的基本内容加以论述。首先，从经济、政治、文化三个层次入手明确小农改造的必要性和重要性；其次，总结了列宁小农改造的基本原则：利益诱导原则，，实事求是原则，循序渐进原则；第三，概括了列宁关于小农改造的条件和途径：创造物质条件，改造小农的生产方式；加强政治宣传与思想政治教育，改造落后的小农意识；发展农村教育文化，提高农民的文化知识素质；创建农业合作社，为小农改造提供组织依托。第三部分，阐述了列宁小农改造思想的贡献与局限。第一，从理论和实践的角度分别论述列宁小农改造思想的巨大贡献：丰富和发展了马克思恩格斯的小农改造理论，为中国等社会主义国家解决农民问题提供了理论借鉴；实现了农业的恢复与发展、提高了农民的综合素质、改善了农民生活。第二，客观论述列宁小农改造思想的局限：曾表现出不顾俄国国情、照搬马克思主义的教条主义倾向；波动起伏大，曾遭到农民的误解与抵触；改造小农的政治目标重于经济目标，未充分顾及农民的切身利益。第四部分，深入探讨了列宁小农改造思想对我国当前处理“三农”问题尤其是农民教育问题的现实启示：严重的问题是教育农民；必须发挥党和政府在农民教育改造中的主导作用；教育改造农民要采用灵活多样的方式与渠道；教育改造农民中应尊重农民的意愿和利益需求；充分认识小农经济的生命力和长期性。
[Abstract]:In the process of leading the Soviet revolution and construction, Lenin paid more attention to the problem of small farmers' transformation, and expounded systematically the significance, reason and path of small farmers' transformation. On this basis, he formed a relatively complete idea of small farmers' transformation. Studying and drawing lessons from this thought is of great practical significance to cultivate new farmers and build new socialist countryside in our country. The thesis is divided into four parts: the first part summarizes the historical evolution of Lenin's thought of small farmers' reform: before and after the October Revolution, it gradually changed from the American style of capitalism to socialist agriculture; during the period of wartime communist policy, In the new economic policy period, the production of small-scale farmers was preserved and developed. In the second part, the author fully interprets the basic content of Lenin's thought of small peasant reform. In this part, the paper discusses the basic content of Lenin's small peasant reform from three aspects. First, from the economic, political and cultural levels to clarify the necessity and importance of small farmers reform; secondly, summed up Lenin small farmers reform of the basic principles: the principle of interest guidance, the principle of seeking truth from facts, the principle of gradual progress; third, This paper summarizes the conditions and approaches of Lenin's reform of smallholder farmers, including creating material conditions, reforming the mode of production of smallholder farmers, strengthening political propaganda and ideological and political education, reforming the backward consciousness of smallholder farmers, and developing rural educational culture. To improve farmers' cultural and knowledge quality; to establish agricultural cooperatives to provide organizational support for small farmers' transformation. The third part, elaborated Lenin small peasant transformation thought contribution and the limitation. First, from the angle of theory and practice, this paper discusses the great contribution of Lenin's small farmers' reform thought: enriches and develops Marx and Engels' theory of small farmers' transformation, which provides theoretical reference for China and other socialist countries to solve peasant problems; It realizes the recovery and development of agriculture, improves the comprehensive quality of farmers and improves the life of farmers. Secondly, it objectively discusses the limitation of Lenin's thought of small farmers' reform: it showed the dogmatism tendency of copying Marxism in disregard of Russian national conditions, and the fluctuation was so large that it was misunderstood and contradicted by peasants. The political objective of reforming small farmers is more important than economic one, and the vital interests of farmers are not fully taken into account. In the fourth part, the author deeply discusses the realistic enlightenment of Lenin's thought on small farmers' reform to the problem of "agriculture, countryside and farmers", especially the problem of peasant education: the serious problem is to educate farmers; We must give play to the leading role of the Party and the government in the reform of farmers' education, adopt flexible and diverse ways and channels, respect the will and interests of farmers in the process of educational transformation, and give full play to the role of the Party and the government in the reform of farmers' education. Fully understand the vitality and long-term nature of the small peasant economy.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F320;A821

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