生态马克思主义的社会发展观及其现实启示

发布时间：2018-06-23 22:39

本文选题：生态马克思主义 + 生态危机　；参考：《山东理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：生态马克思主义是20世纪70年代产生于西方的西方马克思主义思潮流派之一。生态环境危机引发的生态环境保护运动,是其产生的现实背景,马克思主义生态哲学和生态马克思主义是其产生的思想动力。本文通过生态马克思主义与生态自由主义(生态资本主义)、生态中心主义的比较研究,探索生态马克思主义的社会发展观。生态马克思主义揭示了资本主义的发展危机,就在于其利润最大化的经济理性必然造成过度生产和过度消费,超越生态极限,导致生态危机,揭示了资本主义的全球化发展必然向边缘国家转嫁环境危机。生态马克思主义社会发展哲学,首先是人与人与自然有机统一的“弱人类中心主义”价值导向的哲学。不同于现代西方哲学的“强人类中心主义”,也不同于深绿色的“生态中心主义”。马克思主义的人类中心主义是一种有益于自然的“弱”人类中心主义,不是那种把非人世界仅仅作为实现目标手段的“强”人类中心主义,而是一种致力于实现可持续的发展的长期的集体的人类中心主义。生态马克思主义认为,马克思的社会、自然辩证法看上去是有机整体的,把社会和自然看成是有机的整体：相互依存、相互影响、相互渗透、相互作用,强调人和自然的相互改造。其次,从弱人类中心主义的价值尺度,从人和自然有机统一的角度,生态马克思主义主张生态社会正义的社会发展价值尺度。这是对人类中心论正义观和生态中心论正义观的双重超越。这种弱人类中心主义正义观,强调对资本主义的制度否定,强调消灭异化的资本主义社会关系,实现生态效益和成本公平的分配,是社会正义和解决资本主义发展危机的关键。生态马克思主义认为,在环境问题上存在阶级性,环境成本的分配在不同的阶级、阶层、国家之间的分配是不公平的。资本主义的不公平不仅表现在自然资源被少数所占有还表现在资本贪欲的驱使下对自然资源的掠夺,造成了人与自然本质上严重分裂的否定性价值。生态马克思的社会发展模式,以自由个性及其相应的有机共同体为发展目标,以生态社会主义制度约束为前提,实行政治-经济-生态协同发展模式。生态马克思主义把建立人的自由创造性地劳动和交往活动的生产方式和生活方式的自由人联合体及其文化生活方式,提高到解决资本主义社会生态危机的高度。不同于生态资本主义的技术改良主义模式,也不同于生态中心主义的生态无政府主义,生态马克思主义主张以生态共同体所有制和基层直接民主为基础、以国家的生态计划管理为导向,实行生态社会主义的社会发展。生态马克思主义社会发展观的核心是最终建立起以共同体所有制为基础、以生态计划经济为主导和生态直接民主为机制的人与自然和谐发展的生态社会主义社会。生态马克思主义的生态社会主义社会设想只是一种批判性的理论反思,只是指出了当代资本主义发展危机的解决出路和替代的现实可能性,意识形态色彩的主义表述大过现实问题的解决,作为一种社会发展方案,仍具有理想性、空想性,乃至超前性,并未找到现实实践路径。但是生态马克思主义把资本主义发展危机提高到生态危机的高度,并揭示了生态危机背后的资本主义生产方式的根源,为人类面临的生态问题提供了种解释和解决问题的全新的视角,具有鲜明的时代性和深刻性。将对我国超越发展观上的经济人理性和GDP崇拜,建立和谐社会,发展生态文明,坚持自主创新和谐发展的战略具有重要的启示意义和实践指导意义本文总共有五部分,第一部分是绪论,包括生态马克思主义的涵义及提出的背景、本课题研究的全新视角-社会发展、本课题的研究意义和研究方法。第二部分是生态马克思主义对资本主义社会发展观的批判。分别从经典马克思主义者、西方马克思主义者及生态马克思主义者的视角进行不同的揭示。第三、四部分详细地阐述了生态马克思主义的社会发展哲学和社会发展模式。最后一部分全面论述了生态马克思主义社会发展观的局限性及其对我国和谐社会发展的启示。
[Abstract]:The ecological Marx doctrine is one of the western Marx schools of thought in the West in 1970s. The ecological environment protection movement caused by the ecological environment crisis is the realistic background of the ecological environment protection. The ecological philosophy of Marx and the ecological Marx doctrine are the ideological motive.
Through the comparative study of ecological Marx doctrine and ecological Liberalism (ecological capitalism) and ecological centralism, this paper explores the social development view of ecological Marx doctrine.
The ecological Marx doctrine reveals the crisis of the development of capitalism, because the economic rationality of its maximization of profits will inevitably lead to excessive production and excessive consumption, transcend the ecological limit, lead to the ecological crisis, and reveal that the global development of capitalism will inevitably turn to the border countries.
The philosophy of social development of ecological Marx doctrine, first of all, is the value oriented philosophy of "weak anthropocentrism", which is integrated with man and nature. Different from the "strong anthropocentrism" in modern western philosophy, it is also different from the "ecological centralism" of deep green. The anthropocentrism of Marx's principal meaning is a kind of benefit to nature. The "weak" Anthropocentrism is not the kind of "strong" Anthropocentrism that takes the nonhuman world only as a means of achieving the goal, but a long-term collective anthropocentrism that is committed to achieving sustainable development. The ecological Marx doctrine, Marx's society, the dialectics of nature looks organic, and Society and nature are regarded as an organic whole: they depend on each other, interact with each other, interact with each other, interact with each other, and emphasize the mutual transformation between human and nature.
Secondly, from the value scale of the weak anthropocentrism and from the perspective of the organic unity of human and nature, the ecological Marx doctrine advocates the social development value scale of the ecological social justice. This is the double transcendence to the human center theory of justice and the ecological center theory of justice. This weak anthropocentrism justice view emphasizes the capitalist system. Degree negation, emphasizing the elimination of alienation of capitalist social relations and realizing the distribution of ecological benefits and cost equitable, is the key to social justice and the solution of the crisis of capitalist development. The ecological Marx doctrine holds that there is class nature on environmental issues and the allocation of environmental costs between different classes, classes and States is unfair. The unfairness of capitalism is not only manifested in the plundering of natural resources by the minority of natural resources but also driven by the greed of capital, resulting in the negative value of the serious split between human and nature.
The ecological Marx's social development model takes the free personality and its corresponding organic community as the development goal, and takes the ecological socialist system as the premise to carry out the political economy ecological cooperative development model. The ecological Marx doctrine sets up the form of production and life style of the free and creative labor and communication activities of human beings. The human consortium and its cultural life style have been raised to the height of the ecological crisis in the capitalist society. The technical reformist model different from the ecological capitalism is also different from the ecological anarchism of the ecoccentrism. The ecological Marx doctrine is based on the ownership of ecological common body and the direct democracy at the grass-roots level, and the state is based on the state. The core of the ecological Marx doctrine of social development is to establish an ecological socialist society with the harmonious development of human and nature, which is based on community ownership, with the ecological planning economy as the dominant and the ecological direct democracy as the mechanism.
The eco socialistic socialistic social assumption of ecological Marx doctrine is only a critical theoretical reflection, but it only points out the solution of the crisis of contemporary capitalism and the practical possibility of substitution, the solution of the ideological color, which is more than the solution of the reality. As a social development scheme, it is still ideal and utopian. And even ahead of sex, there is no path to practical practice.
However, the ecological Marx doctrine has raised the crisis of capitalist development to the height of the ecological crisis, and reveals the root of the capitalist mode of production behind the ecological crisis, which provides a new perspective for the ecological problems faced by mankind. It has a distinct era and depth. It will surpass the development view of our country. The strategy of economic man's rationality and GDP worship, the establishment of a harmonious society, the development of ecological civilization, and the strategy of independent innovation and harmonious development are of great significance and practical guiding significance.
This article has five parts altogether, the first part is the introduction, including the meaning and background of the ecological Marx doctrine, the new angle of view of this subject - the social development, the significance and the research method of this subject.
The second part is the criticism of the ecological Marx doctrine on the concept of capitalist social development, which are revealed from the perspectives of the classic Marx, the western Marx and the ecological Marx.
The third, fourth part expounds in detail the philosophy of social development and social development mode of ecological Marx doctrine.
The last part comprehensively discusses the limitations of the ecological Marx theory of social development and Its Enlightenment to the development of harmonious society in China.
【学位授予单位】：山东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：A811

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