党的群众路线思想对中国民主制度建设的启示

发布时间：2018-07-26 08:53

【摘要】：制度建设不仅仅包括对新事物的探索和尝试,同时也包括对于原有制度的尊重和实施,民主更是如此。中国缺少民主制度建设的经验,儒家思想中的民本思想却为中国提供了民主基因,民主可行,前提是中国化先行。19世纪中期以来,各个阶级对中国民主制度进行的探索均以失败告终,原因之一在于照搬西方民主模式,民主制度本土化不够。中国共产党的群众路线思想充分考虑群众需要,创造性的提出“一切为了群众,一切依靠群众,从群众中来,到群众中去”的观点,在民主制度中国化过程中起到了很好的缓和作用,加速了群众对民主的适应性,群众路线思想也因此成为中国民主制度建设的重要环节。本文选取建党以来三个历史时期,新民主主义革命时期、建国初期和新时期相对应的三个典型民主制度建设案例——“三三制”原则、政治协商和协商民主作对比性分析,提出这三个阶段的民主制度建设分别在群众路线的影响下经历了有效民主、有序民主和理性民主的不同发展阶段。新民主主义革命时期,群众的需求在于建立抗日民族统一战线,“三三制”原则联合各个阶级、党派一致对外,让群众觉得这是一个值得信赖和依靠的政党,此时群众路线指导下的民主制度建设重点在于有效民主,最大化地联合群众。建国后,仍然有内忧外患的情况下,稳定是前提,此时的民主制度建设既要满足群众对民主权力的需求,又要满足党的领导和各个党派的政治需要,因此,政治协商成为平衡各方利益的支点,民主制度建设重点在于有序民主,稳定而有序的满足群众政治诉求。近年来,群众政治民主意识逐渐提高,但往往由于缺少合理的表达渠道走向极端,上世纪八九十年代引入的协商民主相信的人态度可以改变,同时也相信协商对话对公民的教育意义。它希望通过公开讨论达到深思熟虑的理性,最终使票决式民主中个体利益叠加形成的“众益”转向协商民主运用沟通理性达成共识所形成的“公益”,实现民主决策的合理化,这一时期民主制度建设重点在于理性民主。本文认为,群众路线是中国民主制度从无到有的缓和剂,考虑到中国缺少民主传统,以群众利益为主线渐进式地推进民主更容易让人接受。群众路线的贯彻和实施使中国的民主发展始终将群众利益置于首位,制度安排符合中国特色,对日后的民主发展有很多启示作用。
[Abstract]:Institutional construction includes not only the exploration and attempt of new things, but also the respect and implementation of the original system, especially democracy. China lacks experience in the construction of democratic institutions, but the people-oriented thinking in Confucianism provides China with a democratic gene, and democracy is feasible on the premise that Sinicization has preceded China since the middle of the 19th century. The exploration of China's democratic system by all classes ended in failure, one of the reasons being to copy the western democratic model, and the localization of democracy was not enough. The Communist Party of China's thought on the mass line takes full account of the needs of the masses and creatively puts forward the view that "everything is for the masses, everything depends on the masses, comes from and goes to the masses". It has played a good role in easing the democratic system in China and accelerated the adaptability of the masses to democracy. Therefore, the thought of mass line has become an important link in the construction of China's democratic system. This article selects three historical periods since the founding of the Party, the period of the New Democratic Revolution, three typical cases of democratic system construction corresponding to the initial period of the founding of the people's Republic of China and the new period-the principle of "three systems", the political consultation and the deliberative democracy for comparative analysis. Under the influence of the mass line, the three stages of democratic system construction have gone through different stages of effective democracy, orderly democracy and rational democracy. During the period of the new democratic revolution, the masses' needs were to establish an anti-Japanese national United front, the principle of "three systems" United with all classes, and the parties were unanimous with the outside world, so that the masses felt that it was a political party worthy of trust and reliance. The construction of democratic system under the guidance of mass line lies in the effective democracy and the maximization of the masses. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, there are still internal and external problems. Stability is the prerequisite. At this time, the construction of a democratic system should not only meet the needs of the masses for democratic power, but also the leadership of the Party and the political needs of all parties. Therefore, Political consultation becomes the fulcrum of balancing the interests of all parties. The focus of democratic system construction lies in orderly democracy, stable and orderly to meet the political demands of the masses. In recent years, the democratic consciousness of the masses has gradually increased, but often due to the lack of a reasonable channel of expression to the extreme, the attitude of people who believe in deliberative democracy introduced in the 1980s and 1990s can be changed. At the same time, it is believed that consultation and dialogue are of educational significance to citizens. It hopes that through open discussion, it will reach a thoughtful rationality, and eventually turn the "common interests" formed by the superposition of individual interests in a voting democracy into a "public good" formed by consultation, democracy, use of communication reason and reach consensus, and realize the rationalization of democratic decision-making. In this period, the focus of democratic system construction lies in rational democracy. This paper holds that the mass line is the moderator of China's democratic system from scratch. Considering the lack of democratic tradition in China, it is more acceptable to promote democracy gradually with the main line of the masses' interests. The implementation and implementation of the mass line make the democratic development of China always put the interests of the masses in the first place, and the institutional arrangement conforms to the Chinese characteristics, which has many enlightenments for the future democratic development.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D252;D61

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