马克思晚年跨越思想研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 13:50

【摘要】：对东方社会的研究一直贯穿于马克思主义形成和发展的整个历程,尤其是在马克思的晚年,他对东方社会发展道路的研究和探讨又有了新的视角、新的结论。我们将马克思晚年对东方社会发展道路的思考称为跨越思想。马克思在其跨越思想中支出,当满足一些条件时,东方落后的民族、国家完全有可能跨越那种依靠原始积累发展起来的资本主义制度,而通过吸收其文明成果进入更高级的社会形态——社会主义。这一思想不仅在马克思的社会发展理论中居于重要地位,而且在整个马克思主义发展史上也占有一席之地。从20世纪80年代中期开始,马克思晚年的跨越思想就引起了我国学术界的关注,而且是近三十年来学界一直关注的热点问题之一,并形成了一批高质量的研究成果。尽管如此,仍存有研究空间：虽然人们对该思想的认识达成一定的共识,但在个别问题的认识上仍存有争议和分歧；目前对这一思想的关注中,研究角度略显单一,过多关注其作为一种结论的真伪性,而对其中所蕴含的方法论原则关注较少。此外,就现实层面而言,上个世纪80年代末、90年代初,世界社会主义运动遭受了重大挫折；目前社会主义中国正处在社会转型期,由于新旧并存因而不可避免地产生了一些问题甚至难题。于是一些人据此断定马克思的跨越思想在实践上被证伪了,进而开始质疑现存社会主义国家的合理性。鉴于来自理论和实践两个方面的挑战和疑惑,我选择了这一思想作为研究对象。本文的研究目的在于全面、深刻、客观地把握该思想,以突出其历史地位；并在此基础上,挖掘其对中国特色社会主义建设事业的指导意义。论文的写作主要包括三部分。第一部分是对马克思晚年跨越思想形成条件的概述,这是全文的铺垫,属于背景知识介绍。第二部分是对马克思晚年跨越思想的基本观点和所蕴含的方法论原则的概括和分析,这是本文的重点和难点,也是试图有所创新的地方。这一部分中首先阐述了马克思晚年跨越思想的基本内容,具体包括跨越的文本研究和跨越的条件两个方面；其次挖掘和分析了马克思晚年跨越思想中蕴含的方法论原则——历史发展的统一性和多样性统一的原则、历史发展的规律性和人的选择性统一的原则、世界历史和民族历史统一的原则。第三部分是对马克思晚年跨越思想当代价值的解读,这是本文的归宿。这一部分在对马克思晚年跨越思想进行系统梳理的基础上,坚持“三个着眼于”,既要分析该思想在马克思社会发展理论体系中、在马克思主义发展史中的地位和作用,又要揭示其对我国社会主义现代化建设事业所具有的现实启示。
[Abstract]:The study of the oriental society has been running through the whole course of the formation and development of Marxism, especially in the late years of Marx, his research and discussion on the way of development of the oriental society has a new angle of view and new conclusion. We call Marx's thinking about the development of oriental society in his later years as leapfrogging thought. When Marx spent money in his leapfrog thinking, when certain conditions were met, the backward nations of the East and the state were quite likely to cross over the capitalist system, which had developed by relying on primitive accumulation. And by absorbing the achievements of its civilization into a higher-level social formation-socialism. This thought not only occupies an important position in Marx's theory of social development, but also occupies a place in the history of Marxism. Since the mid-1980s, Marx's thought of leapfrogging in his later years has attracted the attention of the academic circles in China, and has been one of the hot issues in the past three decades, and has formed a number of high-quality research results. However, there is still room for study: although people have reached a certain consensus on this idea, there are still disputes and differences in the understanding of individual issues. Too much attention is paid to its truthfulness as a conclusion, but less attention is paid to the methodological principles contained therein. In addition, as far as reality is concerned, the world socialist movement suffered a major setback in the late 1980s and early 1990s. At present, socialist China is undergoing a period of social transformation. Due to the coexistence of the old and the new, some problems and even problems inevitably arise. Therefore, some people concluded that Marx's ideas of leapfrogging had been falsified in practice and began to question the rationality of the existing socialist countries. In view of the theoretical and practical challenges and doubts, I chose this idea as the object of study. The purpose of this paper is to grasp the idea comprehensively, profoundly and objectively in order to highlight its historical position, and on this basis, to excavate its guiding significance for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The thesis consists of three parts. The first part is an overview of the formation conditions of Marx's leapfrogging thoughts in his later years, which is the foundation of the whole paper and belongs to the introduction of background knowledge. The second part is the summary and analysis of Marx's ideas of leapfrogging in his later years and the methodological principles contained therein, which is the focus and difficulty of this paper, and is also an attempt to innovate. In this part, the basic content of Marx's thought of leapfrogging in his old age is first expounded, which includes two aspects: the textual study of leapfrogging and the condition of leapfrogging. Secondly, it excavates and analyzes the methodological principles contained in Marx's thought of leapfrogging in his later years, namely, the unity and diversity of historical development, the regularity of historical development and the principle of selective unification of human beings. The principle of the unification of world history and national history. The third part is the interpretation of the contemporary value of Marx's thoughts in his later years, which is the destination of this article. This part, on the basis of systematically combing Marx's thought of leapfrogging in his later years, insists on "three focuses". It is necessary to analyze the position and role of this thought in the theoretical system of Marx's social development and in the history of Marxism. We should also reveal its realistic enlightenment to the cause of socialist modernization in our country.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：A811

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