列宁的农村文化建设思想研究

发布时间：2018-10-08 11:52

【摘要】：列宁在领导苏维埃俄国进行社会主义革命和建设的过程中，深刻认识到加强文化建设的重要性，而俄国是个农民占大多数的国家，受历史传统和教育程度等因素影响，农民大多是文盲，文化素质低且思想观念落后，这在很大程度上制约着社会主义革命和建设。因此，他主张必须在农村进行文化建设。经过长期的理论研究和实践探索，列宁在吸收和借鉴马克思恩格斯有关农村文化建设理论的基础上，结合俄国国情，形成了具有俄国特色的农村文化建设思想。我国同俄国都属于东方社会主义国家，而且我国农村的社会状况与俄国农村颇有相似之处，因此研究列宁的农村文化建设思想，深刻把握其农村文化建设思想的精髓，对我国建设社会主义新农村和构建社会主义和谐社会具有重要的指导价值和借鉴意义。本文由四部分组成：第一部分是列宁农村文化建设思想形成的历史背景。本文认为，农村文盲数量大、农民思想观念落后、旧文化对农村造成严重侵蚀、农民在思想上对社会主义的认同度不高等问题的存在，直接促成了列宁农村文化建设思想的产生。第二部分是列宁关于农村文化建设重要意义的思想。在领导苏维埃社会主义革命和建设的过程中，列宁逐渐认识到农村文化建设的重要意义，认为它是农村经济发展的必要条件，是苏俄实现电气化的推动力，是农民合作化的重要保证，是实现社会风气好转的必然要求。第三部分是列宁关于农村文化建设基本路径的思想，主要从四个方面进行了论述：一是大力开展扫盲活动，广泛发展农村教育；二是重点突出思想政治教育，提高农民思想政治觉悟；三是城市支援农村，形成城乡良性互动的文化联盟；四是正确对待资本主义，取其精华，，去其糟粕。第四部分是列宁农村文化建设思想的理论贡献和现实启示。列宁的农村文化建设思想不仅丰富、发展了马克思恩格斯关于农村文化的相关理论，而且对当时苏俄的农村文化建设和东方社会主义国家的农村文化建设产生了理论指导价值。此外，它对我国当前新农村建设也具有重要的现实启示：必须高度重视文化建设在新农村建设中的重要地位；必须充分发挥党和政府在农村文化建设中的主导作用；必须尊重农民在农村文化建设中的主体地位；必须形成良好的城乡文化互动机制；必须建立全方位的农村教育体系。
[Abstract]:In the course of leading Soviet Russia to carry out socialist revolution and construction, Lenin deeply realized the importance of strengthening cultural construction, and Russia was a country dominated by peasants, which was influenced by historical traditions and educational levels. The majority of peasants are illiterate, with low cultural quality and backward ideology, which restricts the socialist revolution and construction to a great extent. Therefore, he argued that cultural construction must be carried out in the countryside. After a long period of theoretical research and practical exploration, Lenin, on the basis of absorbing and drawing lessons from Marx and Engels' theory on rural cultural construction, combined with the Russian national conditions, formed the thought of rural cultural construction with Russian characteristics. Both China and Russia belong to the oriental socialist country, and the social situation of our country's countryside is quite similar to that of the Russian countryside. Therefore, studying Lenin's thought of rural cultural construction and deeply grasping the essence of his thought of rural cultural construction, It has important guiding value and reference significance for building new socialist countryside and building socialist harmonious society in our country. This paper consists of four parts: the first part is the historical background of Lenin's thought of rural cultural construction. This paper holds that the problems of the large number of illiterate people in rural areas, the backward ideology of peasants, the serious erosion of the old culture to the countryside, and the low degree of recognition of socialism among peasants in ideology exist. Directly contributed to Lenin's thought of rural cultural construction. The second part is Lenin's thoughts on the significance of rural cultural construction. In the process of leading the revolution and construction of Soviet socialism, Lenin gradually realized the important significance of rural cultural construction, and considered it a necessary condition for the development of rural economy and a driving force for the electrification of Soviet Russia. It is an important guarantee for farmers' co-operative transformation and an inevitable requirement for the improvement of social ethos. The third part is Lenin's thought about the basic path of rural cultural construction, mainly from four aspects: first, vigorously develop literacy activities, extensive development of rural education; second, focus on ideological and political education, Improve peasants' ideological and political consciousness; third, urban support rural areas, form a positive cultural alliance between urban and rural areas; fourth, treat capitalism correctly, take its essence, and discard its dross. The fourth part is the theoretical contribution and practical enlightenment of Lenin's thought of rural cultural construction. Lenin's thought of rural cultural construction is not only rich, but also develops Marx and Engels' theory on rural culture, and has a theoretical guiding value to Soviet Russia's rural cultural construction and oriental socialist country's rural cultural construction. In addition, it also has important practical enlightenment to our country's current new rural construction: we must attach great importance to the important position of cultural construction in the new rural construction, must give full play to the leading role of the Party and the government in the rural cultural construction, and give full play to the leading role of the Party and the government in the rural cultural construction. We must respect the principal position of peasants in the construction of rural culture, form a good interaction mechanism between urban and rural culture, and establish a comprehensive rural education system.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：A821

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