马克思技术思想发展史视域下技术的控制与解放

发布时间：2018-12-09 07:52

【摘要】：在人类社会进入自由资本主义的世界历史阶段之后，科学与技术开始了狂飙之旅。技术在发展中尽情地展现其正面价值的同时，也成为引发社会问题、危害人身安全、破坏人居环境与人化自然的毒瘤。强烈而明显的双重性使得它在日后的社会发展中充满了不确定性。马克思对技术的社会功能以及技术在资本主义制度情景下的应用后果有着透彻而独到的观点与见解。研究、梳理并正确阐释马克思的技术思想，以其为理论依据与指导，辩证认识技术，对我国当今与今后的技术研究与科学技术的发展都是大有裨益的。本文主要研究马克思的技术本质观以及技术的控制功能。首先，笔者会深刻阐述马克思的技术思想，特别是马克思的技术本质观。指出技术的本质即人的本质或人的本质的体现，是具有自然属性和社会属性的有机整体，技术的本质是由社会决定的，技术是具有价值负载的非中立力量。继而，以此为价值观与方法论指导研究技术在当代乃至整个人类历史中，在统治阶级的作用下所起到的控制作用，指出技术的“三大控制”。“三大控制”分别是技术在传统社会实现对社会的控制，在自由资本主义时期形成对自然的控制，并在垄断资本主义社会形成对人类社会、人化自然以及人的思想意识的全面控制。藉此批判不合理的社会制度，特别是资本主义制度。最后，笔者阐述技术解放的可能性与条件。指出技术的价值负载是在与社会的互动整合中所形成的，，它不仅体现了技术价值，更体现了技术主体的利益与社会价值取向。因而技术是可以被转化的，技术的转化为其解放提供了可能。在共产主义社会，自由联合的劳动者会使技术经历革命式的改良与抉择，技术的资本主义应用的弊端大多会被革除，技术会得到解放。
[Abstract]:After the human society entered the stage of world history of free capitalism, science and technology began a great journey. While showing its positive value in development, technology has also become a cancer that causes social problems, endangers personal safety, destroys human settlements and humanized nature. The strong and obvious duality makes it full of uncertainty in the future social development. Marx had a thorough and original view on the social function of technology and its application in capitalist system. Studying, combing and correctly explaining Marx's technical thought, taking it as the theoretical basis and guidance, and dialectical understanding of technology, are of great benefit to the development of technology research and science and technology in our country today and in the future. This article mainly studies Marx's view of the essence of technology and the control function of technology. First of all, the author will elaborate Marx's technology thought, especially Marx's technology essence view. It is pointed out that the essence of technology is the embodiment of human nature or human essence, which is an organic whole with natural and social attributes. The nature of technology is determined by society, and technology is a non-neutral force with value load. Then, under the guidance of values and methodology, the author points out that technology plays a controlling role under the role of the ruling class in the contemporary and even the whole human history, and points out the "three major controls" of technology. The "three major controls" are the control of society by technology in the traditional society, the control of nature in the period of free capitalism, and the formation of the society of mankind in the society of monopoly capitalism. Humanization of nature and the overall control of human ideology. This is used to criticize unreasonable social systems, especially capitalism. Finally, the author expounds the possibility and condition of technological liberation. It is pointed out that the value load of technology is formed in the interaction and integration with the society. It not only embodies the technical value, but also reflects the interests and social value orientation of the technical subject. As a result, technology can be transformed, and the transformation of technology provides the possibility for its liberation. In the communist society, the workers of free association will make the technology go through revolutionary improvement and choice, and most of the disadvantages of the capitalist application of technology will be eliminated and the technology will be liberated.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

【共引文献】