文明的“两个进程”、“两极相联”、“双重使命”——关于马克思、恩格斯资本主义与殖民地关系理论的研究

发布时间：2019-01-06 15:47

【摘要】：马克思、恩格斯关于资本主义与殖民地关系的理论包含三个方面的内容,即"文明的两个进程"理论、"两极相联"理论和"双重使命"理论。资产阶级用先进的工具和野蛮的方式将半野蛮、野蛮民族"纳入"资本的"文明"进程,但资产阶级也同时在被迫接受东方落后民族的先进的道德文明的洗礼。否则,资产阶级同样也难以继续生存下去。这两个"文明进程"是同时进行的。东方落后国家从那时开始就被迫进入西方主导的世界体系之中,一些国家包括中国在一段时期内因西方殖民体系的罪恶性而仍然试图拒斥这个世界体系,但客观上已经不容许了。同样,西方殖民主义把东方落后国家作为其原料供应地和先是商品后是资本输出的市场,并且越来越依赖于这种市场。在这种"两极相联"状态下,殖民主义一方面要摧毁殖民地国家原有的社会经济体系;但为了自身的发展,又不得不对殖民地国家进行必要的建设。结果,在殖民主义履行的"双重使命"下,殖民地国家的社会经济变得更加畸形。
[Abstract]:Marx and Engels' theory on the relationship between capitalism and colony includes three aspects: the theory of "two processes of civilization", the theory of "bipolar connection" and the theory of "dual mission". The bourgeoisie uses advanced tools and barbaric methods to bring the semi-savage and savage nation into the process of "civilization" of capital, but at the same time it is forced to accept the baptism of the advanced moral civilization of the backward nations in the East. Otherwise, the bourgeoisie will also find it difficult to survive. These two "civilizational processes" are going on at the same time. Since then, the backward countries of the East have been forced into the western-dominated world system, and some countries, including China, have for some time tried to reject the world system because of the evil nature of the Western colonial system. But objectively it is no longer permissible. Similarly, Western colonialism used the backward countries of the East as its raw material supply and markets for capital exports, first commodities and then capital exports, and increasingly relied on such markets. In this state of "bipolar connection", colonialism, on the one hand, wanted to destroy the original social and economic systems of colonial countries, but in order to develop itself, it had to carry out the necessary construction of colonial countries. As a result, under the dual mandate of colonialism, the social economy of colonial countries became even more deformed.
【作者单位】：上海社会科学院;
【分类号】：A811

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