马克思社会福利思想研究

发布时间：2019-01-10 18:28

【摘要】：马克思社会福利思想的形成与发展大体经历了三个阶段。第一个阶段是以《1844年经济学哲学手稿》为代表的萌芽时期。在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思开始针对社会成员进行实证研究,他对工资、利润、劳动异化等核心问题的深入分析,成为马克思关于未来共产主义学说的理论基础。第二个阶段以《共产党宣言》为代表,它是马克思社会福利思想发展的里程碑。在《共产党宣言》中,马克思从分析阶级实质的视角,重点揭示了资本主义商业危机的成因以及摆脱危机的必由之路,指出社会福利制度建设的真正目的是实现全人类的共同发展。第三个阶段以《资本论》为代表,它标志着马克思社会福利思想进入成熟时期。马克思在《资本论》中详细论述了剩余价值理论,深刻揭示了工人阶级遭受资本家剥削的客观事实,剖析了劳动者完全无法享受社会福利待遇的真正社会原因。马克思社会福利思想包括福利主体、分配规则和目标定位三个核心要素。马克思在其著作中深入探讨了无产阶级和广大劳动者在福利体系中的应然地位。通过研究资本主义社会的国民收入分配机制,马克思认为一个社会需要的福利分配制度应当以劳动者得到均衡发展为标准。实现人的自由全面发展,是马克思社会福利思想的目标定位。马克思社会福利思想具有三个基本特征。一是社会福利权属的正当性。二是现实的民生关怀与理想制度建构的统一。三是人类解放的终极价值关怀指向。当前我国社会福利制度建设需要实现从补缺向普惠的制度转变,福利分配机制有待进一步完善,同时,需要实现“三个统一”。马克思社会福利思想为当前我国社会福利制度建设提供了重要的理论借鉴与实践指导。
[Abstract]:The formation and development of Marx's social welfare thought has experienced three stages. The first stage was the budding period represented by the manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844. In the manuscripts of Economics and philosophy in 1844, Marx began to make an empirical study on social members. His in-depth analysis of the core issues such as wages, profits and labor alienation became the theoretical basis of Marx's theory of communism in the future. The second stage is represented by the Communist Manifesto, which is a milestone in the development of Marx's social welfare thought. In the Manifesto of the Communist Party, Marx revealed the causes of the capitalist commercial crisis and the only way to get rid of it from the angle of analyzing the class essence. It is pointed out that the real purpose of the construction of social welfare system is to realize the common development of all mankind. The third stage is represented by Capital, which marks the mature period of Marx's social welfare thought. Marx elaborated the theory of surplus value in "Capital", deeply revealed the objective fact that the working class was exploited by capitalists, and analyzed the real social reasons why workers could not enjoy the social welfare treatment. Marx's social welfare thought includes three core elements: welfare subject, distribution rule and target orientation. In his works, Marx deeply discussed the position of proletariat and workers in welfare system. By studying the distribution mechanism of national income in capitalist society, Marx thought that the welfare distribution system needed by a society should be based on the balanced development of laborers. The goal of Marx's social welfare thought is to realize man's free and all-round development. Marx's social welfare thought has three basic characteristics. First, the legitimacy of the right to social welfare. Second, the unity of realistic care for people's livelihood and the construction of ideal system. Third, the ultimate value care of human liberation. At present, the construction of social welfare system in our country needs to realize the system transformation from making up the deficiency to the universal benefit system, and the distribution mechanism of welfare needs to be further improved, at the same time, it is necessary to realize the "three unification". Marx's social welfare thought provides important theoretical reference and practical guidance for the current construction of social welfare system in China.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：A811;D632.1

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