论“实事求是”的思想源流与发展创新

发布时间：2019-01-17 09:25

【摘要】：“实事求是”是源自于中国传统文化的重要命题和概念，在与马克思主义的结合以及中国革命、建设、改革伟大事业的具体实践中，生动而具体的转化为具有中国特色的思维方式。 “实事求是”一词最早出自于班固《汉书》中《景十三王传·河间献王传》，用以褒赏汉初古经文学派刘德的严谨态度与求实学风。刘德之所以能够养成“实事求是”的态度，其中较为重要的原因是受到了先秦儒学思想渊源的熏染。这一治学态度得到了西汉年间大多古经文学家的坚持和传承。“实事求是”之风气历经后世坎坷辗转，再度萌发于朱熹、王阳明，真正恢复于明清之际，由乾嘉学派将“实事求是”推向了古代历史的辉煌顶峰。总括而言，“实事求是”在传统语境下主要是针对古籍、先贤和历史的态度，但缺少现实的张力，缺乏实践的向度。以毛泽东同志为核心的第一代党中央领导集体，在开展中国革命和建设事业的具体实践中，提出了马克思主义中国化的时代命题，指出要将马克思列宁主义的普遍真理同中国的现实国情与传统文化结合起来。“实事求是”就成为了中国共产党人选取的一个重要结合点。“实事求是”成为了重要的方法论原则，指导着波澜壮阔革命实践的开展，取得了巨大的业绩；同时，“实事求是”也是共产党人的组织纪律要求、道德追求和精神操守。但是，“实事求是”思想尚未真正实现普及化、理论化和系统化。20世纪50年代后，“实事求是”在一些领域内没有得到持续坚持，国家的经济社会建设事业出现了诸多波折。在新的历史时期，伴随着现存世界中实践的探索和创新，“实事求是”思想得到了邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想和科学发展观一脉相承的重视和强调，“实事求是”实现了与“解放思想”、“与时俱进”、“以人为本”的有机结合，“实事求是”思想的方法论意义与世界观价值得到了结合。正是中国特色社会主义的现实实践及理论体系，，使得“实事求是”的理论内涵日趋丰富、地位不断提升、适用范围持续扩大，“实事求是”具备了总体性思想方式的意蕴。本文试图通过对“实事求是”内涵自身发展逻辑及其概貌的轮廓式梳理，展开对“实事求是”思想的多维理解和总体把握，实事求是地理解“实事求是”，从实践本性的角度深入挖掘“实事求是”所蕴含的认识论、存在论和价值论意义。将“实事求是”的规范意义和指导价值引入到理论生活、政治生活、社会生活与精神生活等全部领域，有助于进一步坚定“实事求是”的思想路线、思维方式和世界观，“实事求是”思想将持续发挥着重大的历史价值。
[Abstract]:"seeking truth from facts" is an important proposition and concept derived from Chinese traditional culture. Vividly and concretely transformed into a mode of thinking with Chinese characteristics. The word "seeking truth from facts" originated from Bangu "Han Shu" in "King Thirteen King Zhuan Wang Zhuan", which was used to praise Liu de for his rigorous attitude and practical style of study in ancient scripture school in the early Han Dynasty. Liu de's attitude of seeking truth from facts is influenced by the origin of Confucianism in pre-Qin Dynasty. This scholarly attitude was upheld and inherited by most ancient classics writers in the Western Han Dynasty. The practice of seeking truth from facts, after the ups and downs of later generations, sprouted again in Zhu Xi, Wang Yangming, and really restored to the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the Qianjia School pushed "seeking truth from facts" to the brilliant peak of ancient history. To sum up, "seeking truth from facts" in the traditional context is mainly aimed at ancient books, sages and historical attitudes, but lack of realistic tension, lack of practical direction. In the concrete practice of carrying out the cause of Chinese revolution and construction, the first-generation leading collective of the Party Central Committee, with Comrade Mao Zedong as the core, has put forward the contemporary proposition of the Sinicization of Marxism. It is pointed out that the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism should be combined with the reality of China and the traditional culture. Seeking truth from facts has become an important combination of the selection of Chinese Communists. "seeking truth from facts" has become an important principle of methodology, guiding the development of magnificent revolutionary practice, and has made great achievements, at the same time, "seeking truth from facts" is also the requirement of organization discipline, the pursuit of morality and the moral integrity of the Communists. However, the thought of "seeking truth from facts" has not really been popularized, theorized and systematized. Since the 1950s, "seeking truth from facts" has not been persistently adhered to in some fields, and there have been many twists and turns in the cause of national economic and social construction. In the new historical period, with the exploration and innovation of practice in the existing world, the thought of "seeking truth from facts" has been attached importance to and emphasized by Deng Xiaoping, the important thought of "three represents" and the concept of scientific development. "seeking truth from facts" has realized the organic combination of "emancipating the mind", "advancing with the times", "taking people as the basis", and the methodological significance of the thought of seeking truth from facts has been combined with the value of the world outlook. It is the realistic practice and theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics that makes the theoretical connotation of "seeking truth from facts" more and more abundant, the status of "seeking truth from facts" increasing, the scope of application continuously expanding, and the "seeking truth from facts" has the implication of the overall way of thinking. Through the outline of the logic and outline of the connotation of "seeking truth from facts", this paper attempts to carry out the multidimensional understanding and overall grasp of the thought of "seeking truth from facts", and to understand "seeking truth from facts" realistically. The epistemology, existentialism and axiology contained in "seeking truth from facts" are deeply explored from the angle of practical nature. The introduction of the normative meaning and guiding value of "seeking truth from facts" into all fields of theoretical life, political life, social life and spiritual life is conducive to further strengthening the ideological line, mode of thinking and world outlook of "seeking truth from facts". The thought of seeking truth from facts will continue to exert great historical value.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A841;D61

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