马克思公共性思想初探——基于阿伦特、哈贝马斯和罗尔斯的比较视角

发布时间：2019-02-10 19:08

【摘要】：阿伦特、哈贝马斯和罗尔斯使得"公共性"成为重要的哲学范畴。哈贝马斯的公共舆论和罗尔斯的公共理性,是马克思曾经主张过而后又扬弃的一种思想,而阿伦特的公共性主张与马克思的思想因为都关涉人的生存危机,因而具有更多的"亲近性"。但是,马克思寻求的是人的解放以及由此所要求的社会解放,即把社会从资本的支配下解放出来,实现共产主义社会。共产主义社会是人与人之间、个人与联合体之间共享自由发展的社会。这种主体间的相互共享性即公共性。马克思所主张的公共性,从根本上说指的就是共产主义社会中普遍存在的相互自由和共享发展的公共的社会关系。共产主义社会的实现一方面取决于社会历史发展本身的进程,另一方面也取决于广大无产者形成公共的阶级意识,从而组织成为无产阶级来意识和行动。无产阶级政治的前提就是无产者通过公共的阶级意识形成政治的无产阶级。
[Abstract]:Arendt, Habermas and Rawls make publicity an important philosophical category. Habermas' public opinion and Rawls' public rationality are a kind of thought that Marx once advocated and then abandoned, while Arendt's public opinion and Marx's thought are both related to the survival crisis of human beings. As a result, there is more "closeness". However, what Marx sought was the liberation of man and the social liberation required therefrom, that is, to liberate the society from the domination of capital and to realize the communist society. The communist society is a society in which free development is shared between people, individuals and consortia. This kind of mutual sharing among subjects is public. The publicity advocated by Marx basically refers to the common social relations which exist in the communist society which are mutual freedom and shared development. On the one hand, the realization of communist society depends on the process of social and historical development itself, on the other hand, it also depends on the formation of public class consciousness by the proletariat, so as to organize themselves into proletarian consciousness and action. The premise of proletarian politics is that proletarians form political proletariat through public class consciousness.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：中国人民大学科学研究基金项目“论人的公共性存在及其发展”(10XNBO33)
【分类号】：A811;B089.1

【共引文献】