试论马克思的自然观及其当代意义

发布时间：2019-02-22 20:29

【摘要】：人类在自然界中出现之后，为了满足自身的需要，人类就会通过各种各样的活动使自然发生着改变。在不同的历史时期，人类把自身和自然的关系进行分析和总结，这些总结就形成了这个时期人类的自然观。随着时间的推移和人类社会的进步，人类的自然观也形成了逐步的发展。当马克思哲学体系形成的时候，也标志着一个系统而全面的自然理论的诞生。马克思的自然观，是科学的世界观理论。在这种理论中，，马克思确立了实践的思维方式。通过实践的联结，使得人和自然之间统一起来。同时，这种世界观理论对后来哲学的发展乃至人类社会的进步都有着非常重要的意义。首先，在马克思的理论中，他指出了人和自然互为对象的关系，在这种关系中，二者的本质分别在各自的对象中得到映现。其次，马克思指出，人和自然的本质确证过程是通过感性劳动实现的，只有在二者的统一中，人类才能占有自己的本质，实现全面发展。最后，马克思的这种理论对人的具体活动也有着重要的指示性作用。特别是在当下的生态危机中，只有在运用这种理论进行科学的论证的基础之上，人类才能正确的分析当下的环境问题，重新确证人与自然的本质及其关系。也就是说，人在满足自身需要的同时，也要注重自然的内在统一性。只有把二者相结合，人类才能确证自己的本质，实现全面发展。本文从二十世纪以来国内外大量的关于马克思自然观思想的研究理论出发，在对近代以来人类关于自然思想的深入挖掘的基础之上，对马克思的自然观进行了系统而全面的综述。同时，在文章的第三部分提到了生态学马克思主义的思想，这种新的思想流派也是在马克思自然观的基础上产生和发展取来的。最后，把马克思的自然观同当前的社会现状相结合，进一步探讨了马克思的自然观对当代社会理论和实践产生的双重影响。
[Abstract]:After human beings appear in nature, in order to meet their own needs, human beings change nature through various activities. In different historical periods, human beings analyze and summarize the relationship between themselves and nature. With the passage of time and the progress of human society, the concept of human nature has formed a gradual development. When the Marxist philosophy system was formed, it also marked the birth of a systematic and comprehensive natural theory. Marx's view of nature is a scientific theory of world outlook. In this theory, Marx established the mode of thinking of practice. Through the link of practice, the unity between man and nature. At the same time, the theory of world outlook is very important to the development of philosophy and the progress of human society. First of all, in Marx's theory, he points out the relationship between man and nature as objects, in which the essence of the two is reflected in their respective objects. Secondly, Marx pointed out that the process of confirming the nature of man and nature is realized through perceptual labor. Only in the unity of the two, can human beings possess their own essence and realize all-round development. Finally, Marx's theory also has the important indicative function to the human concrete activity. Especially in the current ecological crisis, only on the basis of scientific argumentation using this theory, human can correctly analyze the current environmental problems and reconfirm the nature and the relationship between man and nature. In other words, people should pay attention to the inherent unity of nature while satisfying their own needs. Only by combining the two, can human beings confirm their essence and achieve all-round development. Based on a large number of research theories about Marx's view of nature at home and abroad since the 20th century, and on the basis of the deep excavation of human beings' thoughts on nature since modern times, This paper makes a systematic and comprehensive review of Marx's view of nature. At the same time, in the third part of the article mentioned the ecological Marxism thought, this kind of new thought school is also produced and developed on the basis of Marx's view of nature. Finally, combining Marx's view of nature with the present social situation, this paper further discusses the dual influence of Marx's view of nature on the theory and practice of contemporary society.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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