马克思实践生存论的思想探析

发布时间：2019-03-15 09:37

【摘要】：关于生存论概念，就是指现实生活世界中有关人的生存或存在的基本理论。生存论的出场不是偶然的，也不只是在现代哲学中才出现。生存意识的开启是可以追溯到巴门尼德之前古希腊哲学的生成论思想的，因此，生存论既源于古希腊的生成论传统思想，又源于传统哲学的存在论之中。本文第2章通过对生存论形成路径的梳理与把握，目的在于清晰马克思生存论出场的背景和学理缘由。国内学界近些年来对“马克思生存论”这一提法争议很大，甚至有学者质疑马克思是否有生存论。为了论证马克思有生存论而且是实践生存论，笔者在本文第3章不仅试图通过深入解读马克思哲学提升出马克思关于“现实的”人的生存思想而且还阐释了“马克思生存论”出场的意义，在这一明确的解读和阐释之后，一方面凸显并提升出了马克思哲学中关于生存的维度意蕴，另一方面又对“马克思生存论”这一提法进行了充分合理的论证。对实践概念的把握，是全面理解和挖掘马克思实践生存论思想的一个核心关键。作为“现实的人”的根本存在方式的实践，一方面是构建马克思实践生存论思想基本框架的基础，，另一方面人的自由、整体、全面发展的实现根本还是靠实践的。与此同时，人的生存，是一种特殊的而本身又具有发展要求的生存，人们在实践过程的不断进展中，必须求得发展才能使得生存着的人本身变得丰富与完善。生存的内在规定要求人生存的同时必须发展地生存，人的自由全面的发展是人生存的目的和方向，但又只能通过实践活动来完成。人的实践活动必须符合三个生存维度即人与自然、社会、自身的统一共存，才能最终达到持续、和谐。本文第4章从马克思哲学的核心概念入手并对其进行界定和阐述，彰显并阐明了马克思实践哲学蕴含的生存论意蕴，进一步论证了它们在马克思哲学中的地位。马克思实践哲学的真正创立不仅超越了传统形而上学的思维方式而且以实践为哲学出发点实现了当代哲学真正的生存论转换。此外，马克思实践生存论思想对当代哲学的研究开辟了新领域和新方向。马克思实践生存论思想内涵丰富，运用其思想并在其思想指导下，为当代人类反思片面实践活动，构建新型生存方式提供新思路具有重要的现实指导意义。因此，本文第5章笔者从马克思实践生存论的思想对当代哲学和人类活动产生的影响出发重点阐述了它的理论和现实意义。
[Abstract]:The concept of existentialism refers to the basic theory about the existence or existence of human beings in the real life world. The appearance of existentialism is not accidental, nor is it only in modern philosophy. The opening of existential consciousness can be traced back to the generative theory of ancient Greek philosophy before Parmenid. Therefore, the existential theory originates not only from the traditional thought of generative theory of ancient Greece, but also from the existential theory of traditional philosophy. In the second chapter, the purpose of this paper is to clarify the background and reason of Marx's existentialism by combing and grasping the forming path of existentialism. In recent years, there is a lot of controversy about Marx's existential theory in domestic academic circles, and some scholars even question whether Marx has existential theory. In order to prove that Marx has existentialism and is practical existentialism, In the third chapter of this paper, the author not only tries to promote Marx's thought of "realistic" human existence through in-depth interpretation of Marx's philosophy, but also explains the significance of "Marx's existential theory". After this clear interpretation and explanation, On the one hand, it highlights and promotes the meaning of the dimension of existence in Marx's philosophy, on the other hand, it makes a full and reasonable argument on the formulation of Marx's existentialism. Grasping the concept of practice is the core of understanding and excavating Marx's theory of practical existentialism in an all-round way. On the one hand, it is the foundation of constructing the basic frame of Marx's theory of practical existentialism, on the other hand, the realization of man's freedom, whole and all-round development still depends on practice. At the same time, the existence of human being is a kind of special survival which has the requirement of development itself. In the continuous progress of practice, people must seek development in order to make the surviving person become rich and perfect. The inherent stipulation of survival requires the survival of human beings to be developed at the same time. The free and all-round development of human beings is the purpose and direction of human survival, but it can only be accomplished through practical activities. Human practical activities must conform to the three dimensions of survival, namely, the unity of man and nature, society, and their own coexistence, in order to finally achieve continuity and harmony. The fourth chapter starts with the core concept of Marx's philosophy and defines and expounds it, reveals and clarifies the implication of existentialism contained in Marx's practical philosophy, and further demonstrates their position in Marx's philosophy. The real creation of Marx's practical philosophy not only transcends the traditional metaphysical mode of thinking, but also realizes the real existential transformation of contemporary philosophy with practice as the philosophical starting point. In addition, Marx's practical existentialism has opened up a new field and a new direction for the study of contemporary philosophy. Marx's thought of practical existentialism is rich in connotation. It is of great practical significance to provide a new train of thought for contemporary human reflection on one-sided practical activities and the construction of a new way of living under the guidance of Marx's thought and under the guidance of his thoughts. Therefore, in chapter 5, the author expounds its theoretical and practical significance from the influence of Marx's thought of practical existentialism on contemporary philosophy and human activities.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811;B023

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