人口均衡城市化的基本问题与路径选择研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 04:17

本文选题：城市化 + 人口均衡城市化　；参考：《西南财经大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：城市化是经济社会发展的必然趋势,也是衡量国家和地区经济社会发展水平的标志之一。中国自改革开放以来,随着经济的飞速发展,城市化进程也在明显加速,城市化水平显著提高。这种城市化进程的迅猛发展不仅对中国经济的增长和发展起着重要作用,同时也影响着世界的经济发展,受到全世界的关注。但是中国城市化发展水平滞后于工业化发展水平的局面,已经严重制约了我国的经济发展,阻碍了国家综合竞争力的提高,成为知识经济时代新一轮财富集聚的瓶颈。进入21世纪,中国的城市化发展面临着更加复杂的环境,经济全球化缩短了国家与地区间的差距,冲击着各个国家的经济发展与城市化格局；知识经济和信息经济时代,国家之间的竞争已经变为知识、人才、科技和产业的竞争,变成集聚着产业、金融、贸易、信息、科技、人才等的城市、城市群间的竞争；随着全面建设小康社会的展开,市场经济体制改革的进一步深入以及全球气候变化所带来的生产生活上的变化,要求中国的城市化要实现人口、资源、环境的协调发展和可持续发展。首先,城市发展面临着一系列的压力和挑战,这些压力可以概括为人口与就业的压力、土地资源供应的压力、水资源和能源的压力、生态环境改善的压力、基础设施配套压力、社会保障体系压力和公共服务完善的压力等。其次,城市的发展战略出现了调整,今后城市化的发展战略更加强调发展的质量和效益。城镇化进程由点状聚集走向高水平的相对均衡,实现城市反哺农村,城乡经济一体化,逐步缩小城乡二元结构。另外,城市的能源消耗也面临着巨大的考验,今后城市应坚持将节能减排作为低碳经济约束性指标,在增长方式上按照减量化、再利用资源化原则,追求以创新为主要驱动力的低碳经济发展模式,走城市可持续发展之路。城市化是一个历史过程,随着社会发展阶段的不同,城市化的特征和表现形式也相应的随之发生变化。中国的城市化与发达国家数十年、甚至一百多年前城市化的历史条件相比,发生了根本性的变化。包括农村人口非农化转变总量大；经济全球化加大城市化的不确定性；体制转轨推动城市化进程；资源枯竭、生态环境恶化、全球气候变化等对城市化带来长期影响。中共中央在“十二五”规划纲要中指出：要“积极稳妥地推进城镇化,优化城市化布局和形态,加强城镇化管理,不断提升城镇化的质量和水平”。要求我国的城市必须走一条具有中国特色的、可持续发展的道路,以全面健康的城市化促进我国整体的全面发展。正因如此,本文从人口学的角度出发,基于对可持续发展理论和城市化等相关理论的认识,针对以往非均衡的城市化发展道路,给城市的发展以及生态、环境等均带来的负面影响,并结合国内外城市化实践的经验,提出“人口均衡城市化”的发展道路。论文首先从人口均衡理论出发定义对“人口均衡城市化”进行概念界定,并对人口均衡城市化道路的内涵和思路进行详细阐述。包括城市内部的均衡、城市之间的均衡及城市与经济社会、资源、环境之间的均衡。其次,深入分析人口均衡城市化的动力机制,并试图建立相应的评价指标。信息化、工业化、城乡一体化成为推动人口均衡城市化发展的主要动力,通过理论分析,建立一系列有关人口均衡城市化发展的评价指标,并建立数量模型。第三,分析当前中国人口均衡城市化发展进程中面临的失衡问题。包括,人口数量、质量、结构特别是老龄化对人口均衡城市化建设的影响；农村剩余劳动力转移的压力；资源、环境与城市化发展的相互制约；城市贫困人口问题对城市发展造成的阻碍；城市布局和功能定位不当对城市发展造成的影响；中国的城市规模与产业结构分析等。最后,提出人口均衡城市化的道路选择和相应的公共政策。突破行政区域界限,实现多城市联动,平衡城市结构,实施统筹城乡的发展,实现城市基本公共服务均等化,真正做到城市的均衡发展。
[Abstract]:Urbanization is an inevitable trend of economic and social development . It is also one of the indicators to measure the level of economic and social development in the country and region . With the rapid development of the economy , the urbanization progress has been obviously accelerated . The rapid development of urbanization not only plays an important role in the growth and development of China ' s economy , but also affects the economic development of the world .

Entering the 21st century , China ' s urbanization is facing a more complicated environment , and the economic globalization has shortened the gap between the country and the region , and impacted the economic development and urbanization pattern of each country ;
In the era of knowledge economy and information economy , competition between countries has become the competition among knowledge , talents , science and technology and industry .
With the development of a well - off society in a comprehensive way , the further development of the market economy system and the changes in the production and life of global climate change , the urbanization of China is required to realize coordinated development and sustainable development of population , resources and environment .

First , urban development is faced with a series of pressures and challenges , which can be summarized as the pressure of population and employment , the pressure of land resource supply , the pressure of water resources and energy , the pressure of ecological environment improvement , the supporting pressure of infrastructure , the pressure of social security system and the perfect pressure of public service .

Urbanization is a historical process . Along with the different stages of social development , the characteristics and forms of urbanization change accordingly . The urbanization of China has changed fundamentally compared with those of developed countries for decades or even more than 100 years ago .
Economic globalization increases the uncertainty of urbanization ;
Institutional transition promotes the urbanization process ;
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) , in the 12th Five - Year Plan , pointed out : " To promote the urbanization , optimize the layout and form of urbanization , strengthen the management of urbanization and improve the quality and level of urbanization , " the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China stated in the 12th Five - Year Plan .

Based on the theory of sustainable development , urbanization and other relevant theories , this paper puts forward the development path of " population balanced urbanization " based on the understanding of the theories of sustainable development and urbanization , aiming at the negative impacts of the past unbalanced urbanization development road , the development of the city and the ecology and environment , and combining with the experience of urbanization practice at home and abroad .

Firstly , the definition of " population equilibrium urbanization " is defined from the theory of population equilibrium , and the connotation and thinking of the urbanization path of population equilibrium are expounded in detail .

Secondly , we deeply analyze the dynamic mechanism of population equilibrium urbanization and try to establish the corresponding evaluation indexes . The integration of information , industrialization and urban and rural integration becomes the main impetus for the urbanization development of population balanced urbanization . Through theoretical analysis , a series of evaluation indexes about population balanced urbanization development are established , and quantitative models are established .

Thirdly , analyze the imbalance in the process of urbanization development of China ' s population , including population quantity , quality , structure , especially the influence of aging on population balanced urbanization construction ;
Pressure on the transfer of surplus rural labor force ;
Mutual restriction of resources , environment and urbanization development ;
The city ' s poverty - stricken population is the obstacle to the development of the city ;
The influence of improper urban layout and function orientation on urban development ;
China ' s urban scale and industrial structure analysis , etc .

Finally , put forward the road selection and corresponding public policy of population balanced urbanization , break through the boundary of administrative region , realize multi - city linkage , balance the city structure , implement the development of urban and rural development , realize the equalization of basic public services of the city , and truly realize the balanced development of the city .
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F299.2;C92-05

【参考文献】